<p>At, the Grand Wintersberg  is the highest hill in the North Vosges in Alsace, France.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Wintersberg lies about four kilometres northwest of Niederbronn-les-Bains. The massif separates the valleys of the Falkensteinerbach and the Schwarzbach. At its summit, which is made of Bunter Sandstone, stands a 25 metre high observation tower, which offer hikers an outstanding panoramic view over the North Vosges, the Palatine Forest and the Upper Rhine Plain across to the Black Forest.</p><br>
<p>At the 514 metre high saddle between Grand and Petit Wintersberg (Col de la Liese) is a hut, the Chalet du Wintersberg, managed by the Vosges Club, as well as the Liese, a Gallo-Roman, sphinx-like sandstone relief. Celtic relicts may also be found on the hill of Ziegenberg to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Robert Hohf House is an International Style residence near Kenilworth, Illinois, United States. Built in 1957, it was designed by George Fred Keck and William Keck, Architects, in collaboration with Evanston Hospital surgeon Dr. Robert Hohf. It is considered a particularly fine example of post-World War II architecture around Kenilworth.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 1950s were a period of great growth for the suburbs of Chicago, Illinois. The North Shore was the most popular destination for businessmen and other rich professionals. Dr. Robert Hohf purchased the lot at the intersection of Sheridan Road and Woodstock in 1956 from a Mr. Livingston. Hohf graduated from Northwestern University Medical School in 1948. He joined the staff of Evanston Hospital in 1952, where he eventually rose to become the head of vascular surgery. Following his retirement, Evanston Hospital dedicated their Blood Flow Laboratory in his name. Hohf was also a branch president of the American Medical Association and was president of the Chicago and Midwest Surgical Societies. Later in his life he served on the Board of Trustees for Yankton College in his birth town of Yankton, South Dakota.</p><br>
<p>Hohf had an interest in architecture; he previously helped to design several facilities at the hospital including operating rooms, a medical building, and designs for pacemakers. The Hohf House would be the first International Style building in the area; other house designs in the area were designed from various revival styles.</p><br>
<p>Keck & Keck were commissioned to build the house in collaboration with Hohf. Hohf designed the basic house plan where living areas surrounded a central atrium. Keck & Keck suggested floor to ceiling windows facing the atrium, but Hohf rejected the idea. Wallace, Atkinson & Fitzgerald, frequent collaborators of the Kecks, were tasked with landscape architecture and the Wieboldt Construction Company oversaw construction. The Kecks received a Certificate of Merit in Residential Design by the Chicago Chapter of the American Institute of Architects for their work on the Hohf House, citing its "simple open plan and the well-zoned arrangement of rooms about the interior court." On December 12, 2008, the house was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Dr. Robert Hohf House is set back approximately 100 ft from the east side of Sheridan Road. The house was placed behind the garage to increase privacy. The two-car garage is square and clad in gunmetal grey brick. The driveway is U-shaped and is accessed from the south side. The black front door is flanked with Italian bronze-toned glossy mosaic tiles in grey mortar. The entrance, 38 ft in width, is recessed. Windows and the fascia are trimmed with white aluminum. The north and south wings extend 68 ft and are faced with gunmetal grey brick. Each of these wings has three large window panes with louvered side panels.</p><br>
<p>The eastern wall, facing Lake Michigan, is floor-to-ceiling glass. Aluminum storm doors off the living room and den provide access to the backyard. The roof also extends 3 ft past the eastern wall, supported by cedar beam columns. Although the Hohfs originally agreed to the Kecks&#39; plan of having no rear porch, they later had one installed in the 1960s. The flat roof is made of pitch topped with gravel. It had a "cooling pool", an experiment in solar technology. It was thought that the water on the roof would decrease heat transmission through reflection and evaporation. Radiant heat flooring is provided throughout the house through a hot water system. The house is largely square-shaped and symmetrical.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the rooms surround the sunlit atrium, which features Shōji screens on the north and south walls. A 9 ft&sup2; pool, with a decorative bronze fountain designed by Thomas Hibben, is in the northwest corner. Stone tiles cover the floor. The atrium ceiling extends beyond the roofline and features cedar panels and skylights. The 15 x den is on the northeast corner. Built-in storage cabinets and bookcases are found on the north and south ends of the room. Walls are paneled with cedar and the floor is tiled with the same stone as the atrium. The dining room and kitchen are along the north wall. The kitchen, east of the dining room, is 10 x and features a large window extending from the countertops to the ceiling. The east wall has a wall of upper cabinets with counter space below. The wall between is wallpapered in a bright color. The ceiling is painted white and the floor is vinyl.</p><br>
<p>The living room occupies most of the space on the eastern wall facing the lake. The north wall has a soapstone fireplace with a metal frame and is otherwise covered in brick painted chalk grey. The ceiling is painted the same color. The floor is covered in carpeting. The four bedrooms are on the south end of the building. The 15 x master bedroom is in the southeast corner and includes built-in cabinets and closets. A master bathroom is found on the west side. A common bathroom is just to the north, facing the atrium hall. The other bedrooms are 10 x. They have white painted ceilings and large windows on the south.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Moore House is a historic house located in the University Heights Historic District in Downtown Madison, Wisconsin. It was placed on the on National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and on the Wisconsin State Register for historic places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Moore House is an example of the mature American Craftsman style architecture in the University Heights Historic District which combines traditional woodwork, design and craftsmanship while adapting features that were in style during the period. It was built in 1912 by a well-known local carpenter, contractor and architect, Charles E. Marks. It exemplifies his influence to the American Craftsman style and also, Prairie School design that was emerging in Madison during that time period. Often compared to Claude and Starck homes, the Moore house has a symmetrical main façade with two matching dormers on the third floor, multi-paned windows and wide overhangs eaves. The exterior façade also mixes wide plank cedar siding on the main floor which transitions to the traditional shake features on the second floor. In addition, Marks built multiple roof lines and bump-outs which give the house a sense of the floor plan within. The interior design features an entrance with heavy oak features. Marks took advantage of local immigrants who were skilled in woodworking from the old country and incorporated their skillful trade throughout the house. During this period, it was common to use solid paneled doors between rooms and entryways. Marks, with his eye for carpentry, had intricate custom made multi-glass paneled pocket and entry doors made for the Moore House which makes this house unique to itself. Marks also enlarged the main staircase which was common in larger homes of this time.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Moore, an assistant professor of English at University of Wisconsin, lived in this house for 3 years before taking a position as an associate professor at University of Michigan.</p><br>
<p>Goddard Chapel is a historic chapel located in Rose Hill Cemetery in Marion, Illinois. The chapel was constructed in 1918 through a donation from Leroy A. Goddard, who served two terms as Marions mayor and founded the citys first bank. Chicago architect John N. Nyden designed the chapel in the Gothic Revival style. The church is built out of Bedford limestone and is topped by a red clay tile roof. The doors and windows to the church are set in a variety of Gothic arches; the doors are set within shoulder arches, the front window is in a depressed arch, and the side and back windows are set in lancet arches. The church&#39;s windows all feature stained glass designs with a lily pattern.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 6, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Lago Leopoldo  is a body of water located in the Venezuelan Amazon in the western-most range of the Guiana Shield at {{coord|4.9657|-67.4855|type:waterbody_region:VE|format=dms|display=inline,title}}. It measures about 320 m.  by and 240 m.  and up to 20 m.  deep. The water level was documented at 384 m.  above sea level but may have diminished in recent years. Its name derives from the expedition that King Leopold III of the Belgians made in 1953 which motored up the Sipapo, Autana and Umaj-Ajé rivers and set camp several miles from the lake. There is no firm evidence that members of King Leopold expedition actually reached the lake. Lago Leopoldo was first seen from the air as a landmark near the Cerro Autana tepui during the 1950s. The lake was first visited by helicopter in March 1973 by the Spanish naturalist Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente. The following April, the terrestrial route from the original King Leopold III camp was established by a Venezuelan expedition which reached the shores of the lake on April 18, 1973. Lago Leopoldo figures prominently in the oral history and lore of the native Piaroans where it is referred as “Paraka-Wachoe” or the lake in the mountains. Lago Leopoldo now renamed Lago Autana has been included as a natural monument within a protected area which includes the Cerro Autana and adjacent lands.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Lago Leopoldo is located in the western-most section of the Cuao-Sipapo massif which constitutes the western edge of the Guiana Shield, east of the Sipapo and Orinoco Rivers. It lies between the hydrological basins of the rivers Cuao to the north and Autana to the south. The lake is sited in a mountain top with a prominent scarped side in the north-west edge and a smaller basin edge in the south-east border. Its water collects from rain accumulation; drainage is by a subterranean stream which emerges at a distance from the lake’s edge in the south. This stream drains into an affluent of the Umaj-Ajé River which drains into the Autana. The edge consists of nutrient-poor sandy soils originating from the erosion of the surrounding sandstone. Its eroded cliffs contain vegetation typical of transition areas with low shrubs in the upper part and shrubs, palms and large herbs downslope. The base of the cliffs consists of an accumulation of quartzite blocks covered by mosses and algae. Farther from the edge there are stunted trees with trunks and branches covered by mosses, lichens and epiphytes such as ferns, orchids and bromeliads. The shores are light to dark rose or white in color, with sandy soils, rich in quartz, extremely nutrient poor and with low water retention capacity. The site is remote and virtually inaccessible. It does not appear in maps of colonial settlers or of European explorers of the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Lake Leopoldo is located in the strata of the Roraima Group rocks preserved in erosional remnants that rest on eroded Parguaza Granite. Roraima sandstones in the Cuao table-mountains consist of a basal member characterized by graded sandstones with cross-bedding and ripples, wackes and thin discontinuous conglomerates; a middle member consisting of two strata of black and gray shales inter-bedded with quartzitic sandstones; and an upper member consisting of quartzitic sandstone with traces of carbonate, feldspathic sandstones and sandstones with abundant hematite. The lake is likely the result of the collapse of sandstones in a process similar to the formation of the caves of Cerro Autana. The bottom of the lake is composed mostly of sand and small quantities of mud. Sand composition is largely quartz arenite and a small percentage of monomineralic components dominated by quartz and some accessory minerals (zircon, feldspar, hematite, and rutile). Of note is the high concentration of mercury in the sediment which is 2.3 higher than the expected concentration on these remote areas. In the absence of human activity around the lake and the fact that the closest gold mining operation is 250 km (155 miles) to the NE, possible sources of the high concentration of mercury include regional geologic sources through biochemical transformation of the soils, atmospheric transport from remote human sources, and burning of biomasses from the clearing of surrounding forests.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>Lake Leopoldo is a unique aquatic environment characterized by an oligotrophic system where nutrient inputs are controlled through atmospheric deposition. Sediments are probably derived from the highly weathered small drainage basin and are rich in higher plant derived organic matter. The organic matter in the sediments is consistent with plant origin. The concentration of oxygen is low in line with the oligotrophic environment. The pH indicates an acidic environment ranging from 5.05 to 4.55 from the surface to the bottom. These values are similar to those reported in rainfall in other parts of the Guayana Shield in Venezuela and the Amazon</p><br>
<h2>Geography and Exploration</h2><br>
<p>Lake Leopoldo was first documented from the air by Captain Harry Gibson in the early 1950s. A short film at low altitude over the lake taken around 1971 shows what appears to be a violent tide on the surface. This briefly gave rise to the proposition that the lake harbored a large creature. The name came from the Expedition that King Leopold III of the Belgians made in 1952 to the Upper Orinoco which went up the Umaj-Ajé River and stopped in an area of rapids from where the river is no longer navigable. A photograph taken on June 6, 1952 shows the dugout canoes stopped in the rapid which became known as Elata following the acronym of the expedition (Expedicion Leopoldo al Territorio Amazonas). In 1973 there was verbal account that the anthropologist Josep Maria Cruxent (1911-2005) who was in Leopold’s expedition had reached the lake by foot but this was never corroborated nor was there any photographic or physical documentation of this visit. In March 1973, the Spanish naturalist Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente reached the surface of the lake by helicopter and obtained film footage. The first expedition that established the terrestrial route to Lake Leopoldo started in the Rio Sipapo and travelled up the Sipapo, Autana and Umaj-Aje rivers. A camp was established in the same site of King Leopold’s camp 20 years earlier. From there, the expedition continued first with a direct route to the expected location of the lake and then following the right margin of the Umaj-Ajé River towards the junction of the brooks Caño del Zorro and Caño El Cejal. Location was set by triangulation using high altitude photographs supplied by the aereal cartography company Tranarg. In spite of the accuracy of the photographs, the final location of the lake was made by dead reckoning with systematic exploration of all possible sites within the general area. The shores of the lake were reached in the afternoon of April 18, 1973 by an advance group which included Rodolfo Ricardo and Henry Hopkins. The rest of the expedition consisting of Nedo Paniz, Luis D. Berrizbeitia, Fernando Hué, Pedro Gómez, Carlos Rodríguez, Néstor Rodríguez Lamelas, Marcial Pacheco and two members of the Venezuelan National Guard reached the lake the following day April 19, 1973. There was extensive photographic and film documentation and an account of the expedition appeared in the Sunday supplement ‘Séptimo Dia’ of the Caracas newspaper El Nacional. After the first expedition the lake was reached several times by members of the original expedition (Nedo Paniz, three times 1975-1987; Luis D. Berrizbeitia, three times 1990-1996) and possibly others. The land route to Lake Leopoldo has been established using a base camp at the Elata rapid and a second camp at the base of the mountain that harbors the lake. There are no Piaroan dwellings in the area and the Indians seldom visit the area for which there are no trails other than animal paths that follow the edge of the rivers.</p><br>
<h2>Mythology</h2><br>
<p>Lake Leopoldo lies in the same area of Cerro Autana which has a distinct role in the ancestral and creation myths of the Piaroa Indians. Nonetheless, specific references to Lake Leopoldo in Piaroan mythology are rare. The lake is known to them as “Paraka-Wachoe” or the lake in the mountain. During the first 1973 expedition Piaroan helpers refused to make the trek to the lake indicating that those were the “lands of the devil.” In 1996 during a conversation with the headman of the village of Mapoy, he stated that the lake was sacred for the Piaroans and that foreigners should not go underneath its surface.</p><br>
<p>The Minnie Stewart House, located at 1015 Euclid Ave. in Monmouth, Illinois, is the site of the formation of womens fraternity Kappa Kappa Gamma. The house was built by Judge James H. Stewart around 1865. Minnie Stewart, James daughter and a student at Monmouth College, founded Kappa Kappa Gamma in the house in 1870. Minnie and five other students planned the fraternity through meetings in the house. The group adopted the key as their symbol and ordered a set of gold key badges, which they wore upon the official announcement of the fraternity in October. The fraternity was one of the first Greek organizations for women in the United States; in fact, it predated the use of the term "sorority" by twelve years. Women had only recently gained the opportunity to pursue higher education, and the early womens fraternities such as Kappa Kappa Gamma sprang from womens desires to organize themselves socially as men did through fraternities. While the Monmouth chapter of Kappa Kappa Gamma shut down in 1884 after the college outlawed fraternal organizations, it has been reinstated and is currently active on the Monmouth Campus. The fraternity is still nationally prominent.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 19, 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Kappa Kappa Gamma Foundation operates the house as a historic house museum, with the downstairs rooms furnished in a Victorian style.</p><br>
<p>The Patton Block Building is a historic commercial building located at 88-90 Public Square in Monmouth, Illinois. Monmouth businessman and politician Robert S. Patton built the building in 1891. The red brick building was designed in the Commercial style. The building was built with stained glass panels in the top portions of its upper story windows; it is the only commercial building in Monmouth to have used stained glass. A number of different businesses have occupied the building, including two movie theaters; the first of these, the La Grande Theatre, opened in 1909 and was one of the first movie theaters in Monmouth. In addition, several fraternal organizations and social clubs have used the building as a meeting space, including the Rebekahs, the Fraternal Order of Eagles, and the Modern Woodmen of America.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1990. It is also a part of the Monmouth Courthouse Commercial Historic District, which is also listed on the NRHP.</p><br>
<p>The Rehberg is a prominent hill, in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. After the Grand Wintersberg  in French North Alsace, the Rehberg is the second highest hill in the Wasgau , the Franco-German region that forms the southern part of the Palatine Forest and runs from the valley of the River Queich to the Col de Saverne. The Rehberg is also the highest hill on German soil in the Wasgau. As part of the Palatine Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve it has been placed under special protection measures.</p><br>
<p>It lies two kilometres south of the town of Annweiler and has an observation tower at the summit named the Rehberg tower after the hill. The tower offers visitors an unhindered panoramic view over large parts of the Palatine Forest and Upper Rhine Plain as far as the hill chains of the Odenwald, Black Forest and Vosges.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>The Isenachweiher in the Palatinate Forest  is a reservoir on the River Isenach, a left tributary of the Rhine. Such reservoirs are called woogs in this region.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Isenachweiher lies in the northeastern Palatinate Forest, 200 metres north of the B 37 federal highway, which runs from the county town of Bad Dürkheim to Frankenstein. It is part of the forest estated of Bad Dürkheim, whose built up area is about 10 kilometres away.</p><br>
<h3>Extent</h3><br>
<p>The whole Isenachweiher has an area of 17,850 m², roughly twice the size of a football field. What is perceived by visitors as the actual lake surface, lies above the dam to the north and is between about 50 and a good 100 metres wide. In this area the pond is a maximum of 8 metres deep. The rest of the lake area is made up of a widening of the small river to about 20 20 metres, which runs for several hundred metres before the Isenachweiher.</p><br>
<h3>Surrounding area</h3><br>
<p>On the southern shore of the pond there was once a reservoir keeper’s house on the dam. It was used in the early 20th century as a forester’s lodge, but from the 1930s as a restaurant for day trippers. In November 1983 the house burnt down to its foundation walls. In 1990 work began in 2 stages on a large, wooden log cabin intended as an inn with a beer garden, which was called the Forsthaus zur Isenach (“Isenach Forester’s Lodge”). Rowing boats for use on the lake were available for hire here. An unmetalled car park is located on the dam immediately in front of the house, and there is another on the B 37 at the junction with the access road.</p><br>
<p>The Ungeheuersee in the Palatinate Forest of Germany is a raised bog pond surrounded by mixed forest, which is located about three kilometres west-southwest of the village of Weisenheim am Berg. Because the lake is part of the only raised bog in the Palatinate Forest and is important for the species-rich flora along its shore and on its floating island , it was placed under protection in the 1930s as a natural monument.</p><br>
<p>The lake is fed from two springs; its tail waters form the Krumbach. The Krumbach valley is designated as a protected landscape as far as the edge of the Haardt uplands.</p><br>
<p>The Ungeheuersee was laid out towards the end of the Middle Ages or Early Modern Period as a drinking pool for cattle. It was first mentioned in the records in 1599. The name has nothing to do with the German word Ungeheuer ("monster") but is derived from the words Unger for wood pasture and Heyer for enclosure.</p><br>
<p>According to one legend, no one ventured near the lake when it was still unmanaged and boggy. There were tales of forest spirits that walked abroad around midnight. A forest woman was supposed to live by the lake who robbed many a child.</p><br>
<p>Another legend reports that before the village of Weisenheim am Berg was raided during the Thirty Years’ War, the villagers sank the valuable bells from the church tower in the Ungeheuersee in order to hide them. The village was then razed and all those who knew of the sunken bells disappeared. The bells were never found again. The monks of Höningen Abbey also sank their silver bells in the lake for security, but these, too, remain lost.</p><br>
<p>On the shore of the Ungeheuersee is the Weisenheimer Hut (also called the Ungeheuersee Hut) belonging to the Palatinate Forest Club, which is open at weekends and is a popular destination. In recent years, intensive touristic use of the reservoir has led serious damage of the natural monument.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>The Magnolia grandiflora at 679 Lafayette Avenue, Brooklyn is the only tree that is a designated New York City landmark. The specimen is a rare example of a flourishing laurel magnolia growing as far north as New York. The tree was brought as a seedling from North Carolina and planted around 1885 by William Lemken. Beginning in the 1950s, it was protected by Hattie Carthan, who enlisted neighborhood schoolchildren to help raise money to protect the tree, which was threatened by the construction of a parking lot.</p><br>
<p>After the tree&#39;s designation as a landmark, Carthan founded Magnolia Tree Earth Center, a non-profit focused on urban beautification and environmental awareness. The center is housed in the brownstone adjacent to the tree.</p><br>
<p>The Church of St. Petka in Staničenje  is the oldest church in Pirot district, Serbia. In the Middle Ages it was known as a church of St. Nikola, a Bulgarian monument from the beginning of the rule of tsar Ivan Alexander.</p><br>
<p>In 1967 the church was declared a Culture Monument of Exceptional Importance in Serbia. It was visited by Radivoje Ljubinković (1910–1979), adviser of the Archeological Institute in Belgrade, in 1972 and later between 1974 and 1977; he conducted a research program on the archeological site, which led to preserving the church&#39;s architecture and frescoes in 1979. Final conservation and restoration of painted walls (frescoes) was made between 1975 and 1978 by Zdenka Živković, picture restorer from Belgrade.</p><br>
<p>The church is located near Pirot, about 10 kilometers west at the foot of Belava Mountain. It was built on an elevated plateau above the river coast of Nišava, near Staničenje village and the confluence of Temštica, near the main road from Sofia to Niš. In the fresco epitaph located on the west wall above the entrance, it was noted that Arsenije, Jefimija, Konstantin and some others (whose names were erased over the years) constructed and painted the church in 1331 and 1332, at the time of Bulgarian Emperor Joan Asen (Ivan Alexander) and Vidin master Belaur. A narthex with an open wooden porch was added in the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction period</h3><br>
<p>Without a doubt, the oldest church in the Ponišavlje is Church of St. Nikola, later known as church of Parascheva in Staničenje. The fresco epitaph which is written on the west wall above the entrance was noted that Arsenije, Jefimija, Konstantin and some other members, whose names were erased by the time, painted and built the church between 1331. and 1332. in the time of Bulgarian Emperor Joan Asen (bug. Ivan Asen) and Vidin master, Bulgarian noble Belaur. People mentioned on the fresco epitaph was already dead in that time, when the church was built, so the construction was finished by their son, lord of higher rank, along with his wife, whose name remains unkwnown to us due the damage on the wall which destroyed part of frescoes. Jovan Aleksandar Asen (1331–1371) was a ruler who was mentioned in the fresco epitaph, which was named Asen as his second family name. Belaur was one of the most powerful Bulgarian boyars and the uncle of Emperor Jovan Aleksandar at the same time, and he raise revolt against him in 1331. and tear apart Bulgarian state around Vidin and the Danube. Emperor Dušan, referred to Jovan in an autobiographical note in his code as one of the seven rulers who threatened the Serbian state, meaning on a significant victory in the battle near Ćustendil (bug. Велбъжд) in 1330, where Dušan won against Bulgarians and their allies. Later build narthex and porch on the south side of the church was not preserved. A narthex with an open wooden porch was built in the 19th century.</p><br>
<h3>Turbulent times</h3><br>
<p>In the medieval historical facts we can find no written data about church of St. Nikola in Staničenje. In the search for possible source of data it was presented the assumption that the church was mentioned as a church of St. Petka in one Turkish document, which is dated in time when Sultan Mehmed III (1595–1603) was ruling in Ottoman empire. For the later period, in several historical sources of data was recorded statements which illuminate the fate of the church in Staničenje in the late 18th century and the first decades of the 19th century. It was a noted some memories of archpriest Aleksa Minčić from Staničenje which reads:</p><br>
<p>Long ago, it must have been in the late 18th century, here in the church of Staničenje, all people who were there and all present priests were killed, so after that the church was closed in the next 30 years. And it was like this: one year, just for Annunciation, in the time, when the priests organized a Divine Liturgy, in the church and the churchyard were many people. Suddenly, Kardzhali start attack to the church and churchyard, when began the most horrible killing and slaughering of people and priests. All people and priests were killed that day. Everything was plundered and the church was almost destroyed in that Kardzhali action. And today, when someone starts digging wherever in the churchyard, it revealed the human bones of killed people in that day on the Annunciation. Since then the church in Staničenje could not longer serve to its purpose until the 1829. In that time, church did not have a priest because they were often killed. In that year, 1829. people in Staničenje get one priest and they ask landowner to allow them to recover back the church so it can serve the purpose. Landowner accommodate them under the condition that they must give him, in a name of church holiday which is 26th July, a sterile sheep every year. People of Staničenje recovered the church and it began to serve again to its purpose, and the landowner, since that year, received sterile sheep from the village every year.</p><br>
<p>Thanks to some surviving records, that event can be reliably dated to the 1976. In a liturgical book of the Monastery of St. Dimitrije near Bela Palanka was recorded that those years Kardzhali plundered and burned many villages and towns. The same event was mentioned in the record of priest Nikola on a manuscript of the Gospel, which is now held in Sofia.</p><br>
<p>Church of Staničenje was desecrated for the last time when was the liberation from the Turks. During the retreat of Turkish army, and in upcoming of Serbian army in the fall of 1877. the Circassians made a general plunder and desecrate the church in Staničenje and burned all the liturgical books.</p><br>
<h3>The first church bells</h3><br>
<p>During the restoration which followed soon after the liberation, this old church received its first church bells. On one of them is a relief of St. Sava and inscription which says:</p><br>
<p>"After 500 years of slavery, for the first time we pour out a bell in remembrance of our posterity and for the glory of the church of St. Petka – Staničenje municipality."</p><br>
<p>At the bottom of the bell it is graved 1882. On the second bell is only the inscription:</p><br>
<p>"To commemorate our liberation from the Turks, and to the glory of our King Milan M. Obrenović and we pour out this bell – From Villagers of Staničenje to our church St. Petka."</p><br>
<p>Around the perimeter of the bottom of the bell was inscribed "Đorđe Bota and the sons" and also the year of 1882.</p><br>
<h3>Era after the liberation from the Turks</h3><br>
<p>In an attempt to obtain more information from a possible chronicles and residual memories, Radivoje Ljubinković, during archeological works, was conducted a questionnaire among the oldest inhabitants of the village. On that occasion, he learned that the church before exploration, in the last 100 years (which means, after the liberation in 1877.) was not significantly rebuilt or enlarged and the final form was the form from that time after the liberation of Ottoman empire. He recorded the legend, that the main church in the village was the church of St. Jovan the Baptist, once located near the present cemetery and after its demolition, church of St. Petka became a village temple. The founder of the Serbian Archeological Society and the member-trustee of Pirot district was Jovan Popović, a teacher from Staničenje. The first issue of the Starinar, from 1884., was published his reports from the field and findings from area of village Staničenje. It’s very interesting that this teacher, which was highly educated, was not mentioned St Petka church in Staničenje in that time, apparently because he wasn’t recognized medieval settlement that was humble.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Location and construction stages</h3><br>
<p>The elevated plateau above the coast of Nišava river and its local micro-ambience, where the church is located, represents a dominant strategic position. Soil composition on which church was built consist of fluvial sediments – land with sand and fine gravel and lots of pebbles of various sizes, from very small to large ones which is about 20–30 centimeters in diameter. During the research it was founded that the oldest cultural layer, formed at the site, was from the time when the church was constructed. Lonely discovery of a Byzantine fibula, then discovery of bricks mostly of their fragments incorporated as spoils, embossed altar as a base of recent altars, does not indicate the existence of an ancient layer. During the research of the church and its surrounding churchyard was noticed several construction phases in the lifetime of this sacred building through several centuries, where the oldest phase is construction of the feudal temple of St. Nikola which get a porch in next years and a whole ensemble is a vivid in 1331–1332. In the second phase, after the destruction of narthex and some time, on its place was built open narthex, in other words, ordinary porch. This upgrade is not precisely appropriated in time but it could be assumed that it is not younger than the end of the 16th century. The next two phases of extensions and upgrades can be reliably dated to the 18th century, rather before the 1796. when the old temple in Staničenje take severe damage.</p><br>
<p>The third phase, on the place of earlier porch was built half-timbered narthex and then along the southern side of the church was built annex longitudinal rectangular in shape which is placed in the fourth phase of the construction of the temple intervention. The fifth phase was classified as restoration of an old church in Staničenje which was conducted in 1829. That was when it got the form in which it was founded in 1972. tentatively, the last phase of construction of the church was represented as a conservation and restoration works carried out from 1973 to 1976, when was rebuilt and restored open narthex on St. Nikola church in Staničenje, when it got its final form.</p><br>
<h3>The original construction</h3><br>
<h4>Basis and the composition of the wall of the temple</h4><br>
<p>In the first phase, St. Nikola&#39;s church was built as a humble rectangular church with semi-circular altar apse on the east with a total length of 8.9 meters and a width of 5.1 meters. Arched barrel vault, built of cuted limestone, whose themes is about 5.6 meters above the floor level. The walls were crudely constructed with bumps that are visible on the surface, which is covered with paintings. Their uneven thicknesses are decreasing towards the higher zones. Northern and southern walls, closer to the floor, are approximately 0,9 meters, while in the level of arch does not exceed 0.7–0.8 meters. A similar phenomenon can be seen in the wall of apse, which is slightly more massive on the ground level – over 1 meter thick. The foundation walls are very shallow (0.3–0.4 meters) and roughly built wall mass inculcation in incorrect or barrel dug trench. The materials in the walls are almost entirely the boulders from river with mortar binder. The walls were reinforced with wooden fittings (beams of square cross section, from 15×15 centimeters to 18×18 centimeters) which were located inside the structure of the wall mass – two parallel beams were placed in horizontal lines at the distance between them were 0.7 to 0.8 meters vertically. On the outside part of walls occurs only below the roof cornice and they cutting at the same level both gable ends. From the inside part of the wall, outer beam, covered only with a layer of fresco plaster was noticed only at the base of the vault. In the west wall, was modeled modest entrance with stone sill and shallow jambs that were not specifically handled or curved but them coming out from the wall mass stubble on that side of the wall. Ceiling transom consists of a series of beams of square cross section and in that context there was a wooden structure with double doors.</p><br>
<h4>The interior of church</h4><br>
<p>The interior of the church was illuminated only by two small windows. One window, highly elevated (about 3 meters) above the floor level, was placed just below the arch in the central part of the southern wall. It was modeled in the form of round-arched niche, with a relatively narrow opening to the outside part of the wall. Later, that window was bricked but its original form of that window with fresco decoration was preserved. There was a similar window above the altar table in the wall of the altar apse. It was later replaced by a larger window during the reconstruction, but during conservation work it was restored as like other one from the south wall. The interior was decorated with frescoes, painted on the walls which was divided with one wall in two compartments that which was in later phase removed. That wall was built as a massive wall with 0.55 meters in thickness and it was tall about 2.3 meters. On the top side of that wall was placed molded cornice which protracted along the northern, western and southern wall, separating the first zone with a gallery of paintings and founder fresco-portraits with an inscription which says that Arsenije, Jefimija i Konstan built the church in 1331-1332.</p><br>
<p>By placing the altar partition wall was separated the nave, 4.2×3.35 meters, from the large altar space. Due to the limited area of the altar, the original altar table which was made of bricks was set up with the apse wall. Only remaining of that altar table is print of the surrounding mural, surrounded by a red border and a substructure discovered during archeological excavations. It was tall, about 1m from the floor level and it had shingle on the top of it, approximately 0.7 meters wide, which stood on a stone column.</p><br>
<h4>The roof of the church</h4><br>
<p>The temple was covered with roof plates, as evidence by the fact that there were no remains of roof tiles and no traces of lead roof. The cornice, which has not been preserved in its original form, was probably made of a series of roughly dressed stone stabs.</p><br>
<h4>The narthex of the church</h4><br>
<p>Shortly after the church was built, narthex was upgraded to the temple which had a length of 4 meters of internal space, but because of deviation of the northern wall the width of narthex is unequal. narthex has 4.6 meters in length by facade and approximately 4 meters from the west side. The walls, of original narthex, was 0.8 to 0.85 meter thick, shallow grounded about 0.3 meters deep, therefore its preserved only in parts. Under later rearrangement, the significant part of the south wall was vanished and destroyed and the central part of the west wall along with a last of the entrance was also destroyed.</p><br>
<p>According to the founder caption and information obtained by archeological excavations, St Nikola church in Staničenje was built during the third decade of the 14th century. During that period, first was built a church with nave basis and after that, perhaps only a few years later, built-on a porch. This extension preceded of the painting in the nave and narthex, which ended in 1331-1332.</p><br>
<h2>The paintings in the temple</h2><br>
<h3>Founders and donors inscription</h3><br>
<p>According to the luxury clothing, jewellery, and wealth of figures painted on the walls, the village of Staničenje stands out from the monuments of that time. A well-organized group of painters carried out whole gallery of portraits on the western part of the nave, composed of ten figures. Several portraits were painted in the narthex but over the time only the fresco fragments remains which were stored in the Gallery of Frescoes in Belgrade. Shown costumes on noblemen figures, aristocrats, monks and nuns of different ages are important source of material for understanding the aristocratic and royal costumes of that period.</p><br>
<p>The founder’s inscription was written on the inner west wall, above the entrance to the church, covering the entire width of the lintel. The text was written in four rows on the white basis with black letters of unequal size and it says that several persons participated in the construction and painting process of church. The text begins with trinity invocation on Church Slavonic language: “Izvolenijem Otca I savršenijem Sina I sapospešenijem”, which was normal for the founding labels of the Serbian and Bulgarian people in the Middle Ages. At the start, before the first word was preceded a small painted cross saved partially (lat. Invocatio symbolica) which in the Middle Ages usually began and ended the inscriptions of this kind. Strangeness of founders inscription in Staničenje is that a mention of the Bulgarian Emperor brings us to the name of Vidin master Balaur. Also, the label reveals the fact which was unprecedented in other already known sources. We discover here that Balaur was co-ruler, which is important proof of its real power within the Bulgarian elite.</p><br>
<h3>Frescoes</h3><br>
<p>Pictorial program in the church has been preserved in most. Inside the church, frescoes on the barrel vault were destroyed but rest of fresco program can be easily analyzed and they thematically look good. Quality of frescoes, paintings and their details was diminished because of pulverization process which was used on frescoes, which are visible on all parts of the painted ensemble, and because of that process frescoes appear to be covered with a layer of gray scum. Considerable amount of detail, especially on skin tones figure was lost forever. Little has been written so far about Staničenje. In the first report that Radivoje and Marijana Ljubinković published after the archeological and conservative-architectural works on the church, it was pointed to this monument which in science was unknown until that day. Unfortunately, frescoes in village Staničenje were remained largely incomplete.</p><br>
<p>Frescoes painted on the barrel vault in the nave were almost destroyed, which contained standing figures of Prophets from Old Testament. That conclusion became according to the small remains of the frescoes on that place of nave, which for iconographic was quite expected. On the southern half, the eastern part of that, on frescoes was illustrated few standing figures so when we look how much frescoes are destroyed in that part of the church, we get a conclusion that at least there have been 10 or more figures on one side of arch, so above 20 in total.</p><br>
<p>Small dimension of structure was caused to have reduced program of frescoes in the altar. In altar, as the most visible fact was that was no scene of Holy Communion of the Apostles. The frescoes from the vault and the arch – Ascension of Christ and the Virgin Mary – belong to the already considered of great holidays. Conch of the apse contains unusual representing of the Virgin Mary with Christ on a throne with St. Nikola and St. Kiril the philosopher and in the area below was adoration to the sacrifice of Christ. In the niche prosthesis is half naked dead Christ, and on the walls are three standing figures of St. Deacons, and on the east and south walls are deacon’s frontal busts of two bishops.</p><br>
<p>The content of frescoes on the east wall of the narthex consists of the following parts:</p><br>
<p>Unlike frescoes in the nave, the remaining frescoes in the narthex weren’t protected over a long period and they have been faded and parished during the time. Reading of that frescoesis very difficult and stylistic features can not be tracked. Three upper zones of the frescoes are dedicated cycle of St. Nikola, Patronage</p><br>
<p>patron of Staničenje. In the lower part, starting from the north, are located composition of three Dukes in dungeon. Illustration are the part of famous miracles of St. Nikola, but in Staničenje are incompletely preserved. We can only recognize a figure part one of the three wrongly accused Dukes by the emperor Konstantin whom puts them to the dungen, as its noted in written sources of St. Nikola.</p><br>
<h2>Legends about how the church change name</h2><br>
<p>There are two legends about how church changes the name from St. Nikolas Church in the name of St. Petka Church:</p><br>
<p>The first legend dates from the 1398. and it says how Princess Milica was dealing with a diplomatic activities, and she and Jefimija were gone together to the Sultan Bajazit to represents the interests of St. Srefan that year. On that occasion she obtained the transfer of relics of St. Petka from Vidin to Belgrade. According to the legend, the relics stayed overnight in Staničenje in the church of St. Nikola. After that, the relics were placed in the chapel of St. Petka at Kalemegdan and today they are in the Romanian city Iași.</p><br>
<p>The second legend is more a fact of history. On 25 March 1796. according to the old calendar of the Annunciation of the Virgin Maria, that day there were a lot of people in the church and churchyard when Turkish Kardzhali started attacking and slaughtering all present people, even priest was not spared. Since then, the church did not open its door for the next 30 years. Upon reopening, church changed name to Church of St. Petka. In recent time, church holiday is St. Petka from Trnovo, 8. of August.</p><br>
<h2>A founder’s grave</h2><br>
<p>In the nave of the church, there are four burial graves, heavily damaged by digging after the funeral. Something better preserved is the grave no.23, buried along the southern wall. In the oak chest, of which only parts visible, was buried a young aristocrat woman. Judging from the preserved parts, she had a gilded robes on which was identified the ornaments of two-headed eagles, at the time of the excavation. On the ribbon of made of silver thread, thrown over her head, there were luxurious earrings. In her tomb was found the crop, one-third of the small silver coin. By hers tomb was another similar wooden oak chest, grave 22., from which remained only smaller parts. On the place where was one been head of the deceased, laid on a stone slab, was discovered a crop, one-third small silver coin – the same as in the tomb of the young aristocrat woman. Both coffins were simultaneously washed down with a plaster mass with a little stone, which were well preserved in the gap between sides they shared by.</p><br>
<p>Place of the founder’s tomb predeterminated position of grave with no.15, buried on the outside of the southern wall of the narthex. Wooden coffin was walled and vaulted with distinctive design. On remains of the deceased male younger age person, were founded parts of a robe with 27 silver buttons with gold embroidered work, where in addition to ornamental detail, preserved metopes with the name of the Emperor Jovan Aleksandar. The embroidery in gold appears to have been</p><br>
<p>made in an atelier working for the Bulgarian royal court.</p><br>
<p>The Bangor Elevator is a grain elevator located at 142 West Monroe Street in Bangor, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area around Bangor was first settled in the 1830s, but development was slow until Joseph H. Nyman constructed a sawmill in 1856. Nyman platted the village of Bangor in 1860, and in 1870 the Chicago and Michigan Lake Shore Railroad was constructed through the village. The railroad made Bangor a central location for shipment of timber and agricultural products from the adjoining country.</p><br>
<p>In 1873, Horace Sebring and Mitchell Hogmire constructed this grain elevator alongside the railroad tracks in Bangor. Sebring and Hogmire sold the elevator to Edwin R. Olds and Horace M. and Burrell A. Olney a few years later. William A. Charles and Fred N. Overton purchased the elevator in 1883 and Overton bought out Charles in 1889. Around 1900 the business passed to Frank Overton, who expanded it to include coal storage. Sam Martindale purchased it in 1907, then sold it to Tom and Lou Church two years later. The Church Brothers began to diversify, selling farm equipment and Ford automobiles.</p><br>
<p>In 1926, the building was moved to a new foundation 15 feet farther from the railroad tracks. The Bangor Fruit Growers Exchange, a local farmers&#39; co-op, purchased the elevator in 1939. This group and a later owner operated the building as a grain elevator and farm supply store until about 1990. The building served only as a farm supply store before closing for good in 2001 or 2002, after which the city purchased it.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, the city sold it to Bangor Restoration, LLC, who promised to restore the structure. the building had been substantially refurbished, and is now available for rental as a reception hall.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Bangor Elevator is a two-story wooden gable-roof structure on a fieldstone foundation with a small gable-roof one-story rear extension, and, behind that, a 1944 one-story flat-roof concrete block addition. The structure is pained dark red. The exterior of rear extension and the first floor of the main section are clad with vertical board-and-batten siding, and the upper part of the elevator is covered with clapboarding with plain cornerboards. The two-story section measures 36 feet by 60 feet, and the rear extension measures 28 feet by 20 feet.</p><br>
<p>The two-story section is topped with a steeply pitched asphalt-shingled gable roof. A gable-roof cupola is positioned near the midpoint of the ridgeline, and a gable-roof dormer is positioned on each side of the roof. The cupola and dormers are clad with clapboards. On the front at street level, a shed roof canopy shelters the central entrance, which is flanked by windows. Above is a window on the second floor and another in the gable end. Each side of the building has a sliding door and a double-hung window, and there is a final window in the rear gable end.</p><br>
<p>On the interior, the interior is finished with vertical boarding, and new wood flooring is in place. An electric-powered elevator is located on one wall. Two staircases constructed from lumber reused from the upstairs grain bins rise to the second floor. The second floor originally was almost entirely filled with rectangular wood grain bins, but some have been removed.</p><br>
<p>The Liberty Hyde Bailey Birthplace, now the Liberty Hyde Bailey Museum, is a farmhouse located at 903 Bailey Avenue in South Haven, Michigan, and is significant as the birthplace and childhood home of horticulturist Liberty Hyde Bailey. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1963 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This farmhouse was built in 1853-1858 by Liberty Hyde Bailey Sr., and stood on his 80-acre farm. In 1858, Liberty Hyde Bailey was born in this house; the younger Bailey spent 19 years living here, learning about the local wild animals and plants. He entered Michigan Agricultural College (now Michigan State University) in 1878, and went on to become a well-known horticulturist, botanist and cofounder of the American Society for Horticultural Science.</p><br>
<p>In 1918, Frank E. Warner purchased the Bailey farm, and lived there until his death in 1926. In 1937, the property which the house stands on was presented to the city of South Haven for use as a memorial to Dr. Bailey.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Liberty Hyde Bailey Birthplace is a 1-1/2 story Greek Revival house clad in clapboard and sitting on a fieldstone foundation. A single-story rear section was added some time after the original construction. The interior has plaster walls and ceilings with plain board trim. The first floor contains sitting and dining rooms, a kitchen, abedroom, and a storage room. The second floor contains three bedrooms and a small library.</p><br>
<p>The Houppert Winery Complex, now the Lawton Heritage Community Center, is a complex of buildings constructed as a winery and located at 646 North Nursery in Lawton, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1997 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Grape growing in the Lawton area stretches back to 1868, when A. B. Jones planted the area&#39;s first grape vines. Realizing the potential of grape and wine production, many farmers in eastern Van Buren County began planting grapes in the latter part of the 19th century. In 1903, the Lawton Vineyard Company constructed a winery on this site. In 1933, the property sold to William C. Houppert of Indiana, whose father was a wine master from Alsace-Lorraine who had emigrated to Indianapolis to start a winery.</p><br>
<p>Production at the winery peaked in 1939, with the winery taking in 200 to 400 tons of grapes daily and employing 40 people. Houppert constructed a new cask building, built around casks purchased from Al Capone&#39;s Prima Brewery. However, in 1940, a disastrous fire destroyed the winery. Houppert began rebuilding the winery that year, hiring stonemason Ed Schallhorn to construct a new stone building. Although much of the wine had been saved from the fire, and the winery was back in business shortly, construction on the new winery stretched to 1943.</p><br>
<p>The financial damage from the fire was severe, and the operation never really recovered. The Houppert Winery collapsed in 1943, and John Turner, president of First National Bank of Lawton and mortgage holder, assumed ownership of the property. Turner already owned another local firm, Michigan Wineries, so he purchased Houpperts equipment and stock and folded the Houppert Winerys operations into his own. Houppert moved to California, but was never able to re-enter the wine-making business.</p><br>
<p>After John Turner&#39;s death, Michigan Wineries eventually became Warner Vineyards, a company which still operates as of 2013. Warner operated the Houppert Winery property until the early 1970s. However, as the equipment aged and wastewater issues became more cumbersome to deal with, Warner decided to close the facility and use it primarily for storage. In 1989, the vats and casks were transferred to another Warner facility, and in 1990, the winery was purchased by the Lawton Lions Club. The Lions Club refurbished the property into a community center and museum, completing renovations in 1993. The property is now known as the Lawton Heritage Community Center and the Lawton Heritage Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Houppert Winery Complex consists of four structures: the main winery building, deep vat building, steam plant, and warehouse.</p><br>
<p>The main winery building was constructed in 1940 on the foundation of the original 1903 winery. It is a single story coursed fieldstone structure with a very low pitched roof, measuring 90 ft by 180 ft. The building runs north-south, and has 15 bays on each of the east-west sides. The structure now serves as the community center.</p><br>
<p>The deep vat building is a concrete structure constructed in 1939 with a low-pitched roof and parapetted ends. A double doorway is located on the east side. The building once contained wine vats sitting in the basement and reaching up to the first floor ceiling. The basement has been filled in and the building is used for storage.</p><br>
<p>The steam plant is a concrete block building constructed in 1939, and is similar to the deep vat building. The structure has a shed roof, and once contained a boiler and water tank used to heat the other buildings.</p><br>
<p>The warehouse is a corrugated metal building constructed in the mid-1950s, with a low-pitched metal roof measuring 90 ft by 180 ft. The main facade has a double door in the center with flanking windows.</p><br>
<p>Rockingham County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse located at Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was designed by T.J. Collins  and built in 1896–1897. The courthouse is a 3 1/2-story building of coursed rusticated ashlar above a raised basement. It has a tile covered hipped roof with a molded cornice with dentilwork above a plain frieze. The building has elements of the Richardsonian Romanesque and Romanesque Revival styles. It has a projecting central pavilion with a two-stage clock tower. Fronting the pavilion is a triple arched portico on the first story formed by slender columns set on square pedestals with a heavy stone balustrade above. It is the fifth courthouse to stand on the site since Rockingham was formed from Augusta County, Virginia in 1778.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Jimbour Dry Stone Wall is a heritage-listed stone wall at Dalby-Jandowae Road, Jimbour East, Western Downs Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built circa 1870s. It is an example of the expertise of the settlers and management tools they had at the time. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 May 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Jimbour Dry Stone Wall is located on a low, stony ridge to the north of Jimbour Homestead, the former head station on the once expansive Jimbour pastoral run on the Darling Downs. The wall was constructed most likely during the 1870s, apparently as a barrier to prevent sheep from crossing the stony ridge, to keep dingoes from preying on the sheep and to prevent wallabies from destroying crops planted in paddocks close to the head station.</p><br>
<p>Dry stone walling is an ancient craft using stone with no mortar to construct a wall. It gained popularity in Britain during the late 18th and early 19th centuries during the enclosure movement and the practice was introduced to Australia during the mid-1800s. Traditionally each dry stone wall was constructed by laying two parallel outer walls of stones, which tapered inwards towards the top; filling the space between with smaller stones and rubble; then laying coping stones across the top to complete the wall. Dry stone walls were labour-intensive to construct and repair, but in areas where stone was readily available, for early land owners they could prove economical and more durable than timber fences, requiring less maintenance and being fireproof. For European settlers the walls also transformed the landscape into something that resembled their native homes, a process that has been described by one scholar as "colonisation by mimesis" and "a type of ground clearing that instituted one type of memorialisation over another".</p><br>
<p>In 1863/64 Messrs Bell & Sons, the pastoral lessees of Jimbour run, applied under right of pre-emptive purchase for the freehold of nine portions of land along Jimbour Creek and around Jimbour head station. Pre-emptive portion one included the eastern end of the Jimbour Ridge. The survey plan (D35119) on which this application was based and dated 2 January 1864, shows a number of timber fences across the property, but not a stone wall (or any type of fence) along the Jimbour Ridge. Certificate of title to these portions was granted to Messrs Bell & Sons in 1864.</p><br>
<p>With security of tenure, the Bells made extensive improvements on the Jimbour freehold during the 1870s. Stately Jimbour House, Queensland&#39;s grandest 19th century homestead, was erected 1874-77 and the dry stone wall was constructed likely around the same time, in a period when the station reached its peak as a 19th-century pastoral enterprise.</p><br>
<p>Following the extensive restoration of Jimbour House in 1925, The Queenslander newspaper printed a story about the property to celebrate the formal re-opening of the house. The article, written from notes by Harry Ensor, Joshua Peter Bell&#39;s overseerer, "right hand man" and building supervisor at Jimbour during the 1870s, records that the first plan was to build a log fence on the Jimbour Ridge, but the idea was abandoned due to the abundance of available stone. Instead, a dry stone wall was built for a length of about 4 miles (6.5 kilometres). This wall was about 5 feet (1.5 metres) high, 2 feet 6 inches (75 centimetres) wide at the base and 18 inches (45 centimetres) wide at the top. Dubbed the "Great Wall of Jimbour", its construction proved to be a feat of human perseverance. The stony ground of the ridge meant that bullocks needed to be continuously shod and the workmen were forced to lace greenhide to their boots. The difficult terrain and extent of the wall would have made it a time-consuming task. Ensor recalled that the work gang leader, who first thought of the idea and supervised construction of the wall, became affectionately known as "Stonewall Jackson".</p><br>
<p>Ensor also claimed that the dry stone wall was built to divide the Jimbour run. It is not clear what is meant by this comment. An 1877 survey plan (A3441005 drawn by surveyor Martin Lavelle) of further Jimbour pre-emptive purchases shows the dry stone wall extending the length of a stony ridge (the Jimbour Ridge) to the north east of the station residence. By this time it appears the wall had been in place for several years, with the surveyor noting that the wall was in "a bad state being full of grass". However, the wall was not used as a boundary for any of the portions surveyed.</p><br>
<p>It seems more plausible that the wall was constructed as a barrier fence. Jimbour in the 1870s was a large sheep station still employing shepherds to manage the flocks. The stony ground of the ridge on which the wall was built would have been difficult to patrol on foot and Harry Ensor recollected how the "grass was on many occasions higher than the sheep" making it difficult to shepherd them. The stone wall was constructed to the traditional height required to enclose sheep and it seems likely the purpose of the wall was to prevent flocks wandering over the grassy ridge at a time when Jimbour suffered from a dingo problem.</p><br>
<p>The stone wall may also have served a supplementary purpose of keeping wallabies away from the plains adjacent to the head station where blue grass and wild oats grew. In the late 19th century wallabies were a persistent problem for land owners on the Darling Downs, who were forced to erect fences in an effort to control their movements. An 1874 Brisbane Courier report on Darling Downs selections around Jandowae noted "thousands of wallabies" had become pests in the region and that fences were being constructed "for the sole purpose of shutting in these little grass devourers". At Jimbour, wallabies were no less of a problem. In 1882 the Land Commissioner for the Darling Downs reported to the Lands Department that portions of Jimbour were "rendered almost useless by reason of being overrun with wallaby".</p><br>
<p>With the repurchase of Jimbour in the early 20th century and subsequent 1909 subdivision of land either side of the Jimbour Ridge for closer agricultural settlement, the dry stone wall was used as the approximate demarcation line for subdivisions north and south of the wall. The 1909 surveys cross and re-cross the wall many times, but the survey lines mostly follow within a few metres of the stone wall. Despite sections of the wall being today in a state of collapse where wallabies have created trails over the wall, other sections remain in a relatively well-preserved state and stand as a testimony to the skills and tenacity of early pastoral workers in Queensland.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Jimbour Dry Stone Wall is located on the Jimbour Ridge, a low, open, grassy but stony ridge to the north of Jimbour House and is constructed of scattered volcanic rocks taken from this ridge. Its construction type is a random double wall, being two outer skins (walls) of irregularly shaped stones, not laid in courses, which taper inwards. The space between has been filled with smaller stone rubble.</p><br>
<p>The wall extends an approximate length of 6.5 kilometres (4 miles). Some sections remain in an original state and stand to an approximate height of 1.5 metres (5 feet). Other sections have collapsed to the foundation stones and the first layers of building stones and stand to a height between 50 and 70 centimetres.</p><br>
<p>In these deteriorated sections of the wall sapling posts or (in a small section) steel posts have been inserted to support wire mesh and barbed wire. These posts appear to have been inserted by removing the outer facing stones of one side of the wall, placing the posts in position, then replacing the outer stones to secure the posts.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Jimbour Dry Stone Wall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 May 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The dry stone wall at Jimbour was most likely constructed in the 1870s as a barrier fence, at a period when Jimbour Station was one of Queenslands largest pastoral enterprises. It is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queenslands history insofar as it provides evidence of traditional European technology used by early settlers in controlling, shaping and adapting to the Queensland landscape.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Dry stone walls of this size and extent are scarce in Queensland and the Jimbour Dry Stone Wall provides a relatively well-preserved example of a rare, uncommon or endangered aspect of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>It stands as a testimony to the tenacity and skills of early pastoral workers and is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a traditional form of wall construction, dry stone walling, transplanted to Queensland in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Harrisonburg Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Harrisonburg, Virginia. The district encompasses 161 contributing buildings, 1 contributing structure, and 2 contributing objects in the central business district of Harrisonburg. The district includes a variety of commercial, residential, institutional, and governmental buildings dating from the late-18th to mid-20th century. There are notable examples of the Queen Anne and Greek Revival styles. Notable buildings include the Chesapeake Western Railway Station , Rockingham Milling Co buildings, Joseph Ney&#39;s Department Store , First Presbyterian Church, Grattan Ruilding , Hess Furniture Building, Octagon House, and the Maude Snyder House . Located in the district and separately listed are Rockingham County Courthouse, Thomas Harrison House, and Joshua Wilton House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The John Rogerson Montgomery House is a residence designed by country house architect Howard Van Doren Shaw in Glencoe, Illinois, United States. It is considered to be a significant example of Georgian Revival architecture mixed with Arts & Crafts influences.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>John Rogerson Montgomery II was born in Chicago in 8 March 1866. His father William A. Montgomery (1838 - 1895) was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, served in the 15th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry rising to the rank of Captain and practicing law in Chicago from 1867 to 1895. His mother Was Ellen S. Smith ( ca 1840 - 1866), who died nine days after his birth. He was named for his grandfather, noted Lancaster County attorney and shares a name in common with his father, grandfather, fathers older brother and with his son. John graduated from Beloit College, Montgomery received a law degree in 1889; his father, grandfather and great grandfather had all been lawyers. When he was admitted to the bar he joined his fathers practice. He became a successful attorney in the partnership of Montgomery, Hart, Pritchard & Herriott. Montgomery served as president of the Chicago Bar Association in 1920 and the Illinois Bar Association in 1925. He was a charter member of the American Law Institute when it was founded in 1923. He also served on the board of the Chicago Theological Seminary and was a member of the Union League Club of Chicago & University Club of Chicago. Montgomery chose architect Howard Van Doren Shaw for his estate in 1909 because Shaw had emerged as the premier architect in the Chicago area for stately country houses. Over the span of his career, Shaw would design sixty-four such estates. In 1929, the Montgomery family commissioned Granger & Bollenbacher to design a matching garage for the property.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The John Rogerson Montgomery House was built in Glencoe, Illinois. The two and a half story building is predominantly Georgian Revival in nature, although there are significant influences from other movements. It is L-shaped, extending the smaller branch of the "L" to the northeast. The main facade faces the south. The main section is30 x across the main facade plus a 22 x extension in the northeast. The roof was replaced with historically-congruent wood shakes and the gutters are copper. Two recent additions have been constructed in the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>The building is largely constructed with red bricks varying in hue. There are three rectangular chimneys: one on the west wall of the "L", one on the east wall of the house, and one on the west end of the main section, emerging through the roof. Windows very in size and shape, utilizing 8/12, 6/9, 8/8, and 6/6 patterns. Dormers on the south and east sides each have two casements with six lights. The main (south) facade has seven bays; the main entrance is in the third from the west. The entrance includes a porch with two cylindrical columns atop a rectangular landing. The columns have Doric order capitals and the landing is brick. The columns support a small platform.</p><br>
<p>Rhyndarra is a heritage-listed residence located at 23 Riverview Place, Yeronga, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The architect was Andrea Stombuco. It was built from 1888 to 1938. It is also known as No. 2 Womens Hospital, Australian Military Forces 1st Military Hospital, National Service Training Hospital, No. 1 Camp Hospital, and Yeronga Girls Industrial School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This substantial, two-storeyed brick residence and stable was built in 1889 for Brisbane businessman William Williams, as his semi-rural suburban residence. Between 1897 and 1942 it functioned as a Salvation Army Girls&#39; Industrial School, and from 1942 until the late 1990s as a military hospital.</p><br>
<h3>Establishment of Rhyndarra</h3><br>
<p>In the late 1880s Williams acquired approximately 140 acres of land along the riverfront at Yeronga. The area at this time comprised a mixture of large farming estates and smaller residential subdivisions and was developing as a middle-class suburb following the opening of the Yeronga railway station in 1885.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1889 for William Williams, manager of the Australasian Steam Navigation Company prior to the merger that created the Australasian United Steam Navigation Company. It was designed in 1888 by the Italian architect Andrea Stombuco, and features a two storey bay window front, gabled roof and decorative cast iron verandah trim. Constructed of stone and brick, it included a cellar, separate service quarters, kitchen, dairy, coach house and stables. Built on a rise facing south west, it has extensive views of the Canoe Reach of the Brisbane River, so named because it is near Oxley Creek, which was originally called Canoe Creek following stranded timber-getter Thomas Pamphlett finding an aboriginal bark canoe there in 1823, enabling him and his two companions to eventually return to civilisation.</p><br>
<p>Andrea Stombuco, in practice with his son Giovanni, was an Italian who had arrived in Brisbane in the 1870s after working for a period in the southern colonies. He designed many churches and ecclesiastical buildings for the Catholic Church in Queensland and was completing the opulent Her Majestys Theatre in Queen Street when Rhyndarra was commissioned. He was noted for his residential work, which included Palma Rosa at Hamilton, an elaborate three-storeyed sandstone residence erected in 1886-1887. Rhyndarra was amongst Stombucos last Brisbane works before moving to Western Australia in 1891.</p><br>
<p>Rhyndarra was constructed in 1888-1889 at a cost of £3,200. The buildings were erected by contractor R Smith and the lavish interior decoration to the main house was carried out by Lang & Co. The decorative finishes included cedar joinery, marble fireplace surrounds and ornate plaster ceilings and cornices.</p><br>
<p>Rhyndarra was typical of the large houses built by Brisbanes more prosperous citizens in the late 19th century. The house was raised off the ground on a stone base forming cellars and storerooms, with the ground floor containing dining and drawing rooms with bedrooms on the first floor. A pantry, kitchen and scullery were located at the rear of the house at ground level, with maids rooms and a bathroom above.</p><br>
<p>Williams appears to have over-extended financially in his 1880s land dealings. During the depression of the 1890s Williams was forced to relinquish the heavily-mortgaged Rhyndarra to the Australian Mutual Provident Society (AMP) who became mortgagee-in-possession. Williams moved to Western Australia where he lived with a married daughter until his death in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h3>Salvation Army</h3><br>
<p>The house and land were unoccupied for a period after Williams departure until leased by the Salvation Army and opened as a home for orphaned and endangered girls (the Yeronga Girls Industrial School) in 1897. In 1905 Williams was declared insolvent and the AMP Society become the owner of the property. The AMP Society organised the sale of the Rhyndarra estate at which time the property was subdivided into 13 residential lots, each having a street and river frontage. Rhyndarra, on a reduced site of approximately 12 acres, was transferred to William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army, in 1907.Booth had established the Salvation Army in England in the mid 1860s as a church with a strong social conscience, campaigning against poverty and the sins of alcoholism and other moral failings. A large part of the work of the church was in establishing homes for people who were destitute, aged, unmarried mothers, orphans and others in need or in peril.The Girls&#39; Industrial School at Yeronga was one of a number of similar institutions conducted by the Salvation Army in Queensland at this time, including maternity hospitals, receiving some financial assistance from the government for the orphanages. These institutions were periodically visited by public servants who monitored the welfare of the children.</p><br>
<p>The girls who lived at Rhyndarra were trained for domestic service and situations were found for them when they were old enough to leave the orphanage. In 1910 the matron noted that "each girl is taught housework in all its branches, gradually passing through the different stages from dormitories to dining room, laundry to kitchen and pantry." The house was adapted to accommodate the number of girls resident in the institution. The folding doors dividing the drawing and dining rooms were removed to form the main dormitory and the sitting room was used as a dining room. Upstairs rooms were used to accommodate the girls and the staff, including a matron, cooks and a teacher. The stable was converted for use a schoolroom, where the younger girls were taught basic lessons. The older girls helped look after the younger girls and could attend state schools in surrounding suburbs or were employed in the workroom where they learnt needlework and other tasks, or helped milk the cows. The home aimed at self-sufficiency, with a kitchen garden and flower garden, pigs, chickens, cows and horses.</p><br>
<p>Numbers at the orphanage fluctuated with changing circumstances and the institution accommodated girls who were orphaned, whose parents were destitute and could not care for them, who had run away or were difficult. In 1899 there were about 30 girls at the home, ranging from 6 to 16 years of age. In the early 1900s there were only 18 girls resident, but by the 1930s and the economic depression of that period the population increased to between 60 to 70 girls, ranging from babies to teenagers.</p><br>
<p>The greatest change to the physical fabric of Rhyndarra during the Salvation Army&#39;s occupation was the construction of a two-storeyed timber and masonry extension at the rear of the house. This extension housed a recreation hall on the first floor, with bathrooms and toilets at ground level. It was constructed by the Salvation Army in 1938 with government funding.</p><br>
<h3>World War II</h3><br>
<p>The Salvation Army operated the Girls&#39; Industrial School at Rhyndarra until the Australian Army requisitioned the property in 1942 and the girls were transferred to other institutions outside Brisbane.</p><br>
<p>Australia had joined Britain in a declaration of war after Germanys invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. In 1942 Rhyndarra was occupied by the Australian Army for training purposes for the Australian Womens Army Service (AWAS) and as a staging area for members en route to places further north and west. The Australian Army established a military hospital for Australian servicewomen in the grounds of the property, with Rhyndarra becoming the Officers mess and quarters. The hospital provided training for the Australian Army Medical Womens Service (AAMWS).</p><br>
<p>When war was declared in 1939, there were no Army hospitals in Australia. In the next few years a range of hospitals was built in Australia and overseas, with a total of more than 100 wartime military hospitals operating in Australia. Casualty Clearing Stations (CCS) were located close to the action, both overseas and in Australia, and were little more than tent hospitals set up in the field where casualties were treated and sent onwards for further care. General hospitals were similar to these, although larger and slightly more advanced. Some general hospitals were established overseas in the field. These hospitals returned to Australia (as discrete medical units) with their divisions and were re-established mostly away from the major population centres. Womens hospitals were of a similar type to general hospitals and of this type 26 were built. Of these, it is thought that part of the hospital at Bonegilla in Victoria, is the only one to survive. Other hospitals included camp hospitals and base hospitals. Like womens hospitals, these were constructed in the capital cities and in areas of great troop concentrations, and were more likely permanent structures of timber, fibrous cement sheet and/or corrugated iron, or were established in existing buildings such as houses, which the Army took over as a matter of national importance.</p><br>
<p>In 1943-1944 the Commonwealth Department of Public Works, at the request of the Allied Works Council (AWC), constructed the Australian Women&#39;s Hospital at Yeronga. The construction period for the hospital was estimated at four months and it had been completed by June 1944. The new facility provided accommodation for 160 female patients. It comprised fibrous cement and weatherboard wards with kitchens, operating theatre and admission building, all linked by covered ways. Ancillary buildings included pathological, laboratories, canteen and administration units.</p><br>
<p>The hospital was erected to the northeast of Rhyndarra house and a group of small huts were erected along the northeastern boundary of the site as sleeping quarters for the AAMWS. The nurses had their own sleeping quarters to the southwest of Rhyndarra, with the house used for administration offices, officers mess, and for recreation. Some minor alterations were made to the house, including removing some of the alterations made by the Salvation Army. The stable was used as the quartermasters store.</p><br>
<p>This establishment at Yeronga was known as 2 Womens Hospital (2WH). As a distinct medical unit 2WH had been situated at Redbank, in association with the 2/4 Australian General Hospital (AGH), but it moved completely to the purpose built complex at Yeronga by 1943. Only three specialist womens hospitals were established in Australia during the Second World War, the others being 1 Womens Hospital at Claremont in Western Australia and 3 Womens Hospital located in the grounds of the base hospital at Concord 113 General Hospital, Sydney.</p><br>
<p>Many women were required to assist the war effort, particularly during 1942 and 1943 when all able-bodied men were required to work in more forward areas. Special services were created to facilitate this, the largest of these being the AWAS (Australian Women&#39;s Army Service), formed in mid-1941 in order to release men from some military duties so that they could be employed with fighting units. Recruiting began in early 1942 and by 1944 there were more than 20,000 AWAS members.</p><br>
<p>The Australian Army Medical Womens Service (AAMWS) had grown out of the VADs (Voluntary Aid Detachments), volunteer women who assisted full-time nurses. With the declaration of war in 1939, approval was given for VADs to work in camp hospitals in Australia. As volunteers, these women worked without pay, but they performed essential work for the war effort. VADs were enrolled full time and in 1941 were brought under the jurisdiction of the Army with the rank of private. Later in 1941 VADs were posted to military hospitals overseas, in groups of about 200. Recruitment was not a problem, but the large numbers of volunteers coming forward placed strains on those in charge. VADs were still under the administration of civilians and to distinguish between those working in civilian operations and those under the Armys jurisdiction were reclassified as the AAMWS. The AAMWS performed basic medical procedures and provided a back-up facility to the trained nurses of the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) in military hospitals. In total there were more than 8,500 members of the AAMWS.</p><br>
<p>Some members of the AAMWS who trained and worked at the Yeronga hospital were then sent overseas to the various medical units which served in New Guinea, Rabaul and other places in the front line serving at general hospitals. Others filled roles in army base hospitals in Australia such as Concord Hospital in Sydney and Heidelberg Hospital in Melbourne.</p><br>
<p>The 2 Womens Hospital at Yeronga was one of many similar establishments constructed around Brisbane during World War II for service personnel. Apart from the base hospital at Greenslopes (112 AGH) (now Greenslopes Private Hospital), numerous camp hospitals were established, as well as army camps, barracks and bases. Many of the camps and hospitals established in Brisbane were abandoned and disposed of by the Army after the war. The 2 Womens Hospital was retained and the Australian Government purchased the property in 1946.</p><br>
<p>After the war, those women who had participated in the services and in paid employment were asked to resume their pre-war lives. The AAMWS and other womens service organisations were demobilised, a process which took many months. It appears that 2 Womens Hospital at Yeronga was used immediately after the war for recuperating servicewomen and for medical check-ups before the women were demobbed.</p><br>
<h3>Post World War II</h3><br>
<p>In the administrative carving up of Australian Government&#39;s wartime property after 1945, the Rhyndarra site was allocated to the Department of Social Services. The DSS wanted to establish a centre for civilian rehabilitation on the site. However due to the acute housing shortage after the war, the site was briefly allocated to the Queensland Housing Commission from the late 1940s to early 1950s as temporary accommodation for homeless people. Some alterations were made to the wards and other buildings, including Rhyndarra, for this purpose.</p><br>
<p>During the Cold War of the early 1950s, the Australian Government introduced national service. After the 1951 federal elections young men over the age of 18 had to register and serve in the Army, Navy or Air Force for a period of 5-6 months. In light of this recruiting activity, the Army was concerned about its facilities. The accommodation of recruits was provided at personnel depots in capital cities. The existing personnel depot at Indooroopilly was inadequate and Army officials believed that the former womens hospital at Yeronga would satisfactorily handle the recruits. The DSS agreed to the Armys reoccupation of the site and by the early 1950s the northern section of the former women&#39;s hospital became known as Northern Command Personnel Depot (NCPD). The southern part became a hospital for national service recruits and trainees. Known as the National Service Training Hospital in 1951, it was referred to as 1 Camp Hospital by the 1960s, after the NCPD has moved elsewhere in the late 1950s.</p><br>
<p>More recently the hospital expanded as 1 Military Hospital Yeronga, providing minor medical facilities for injured soldiers or those who had become sick during training. This necessitated the construction of a number of additional buildings, mostly accommodation and storage, and a pool and tennis court. Some of the buildings constructed during the Second World War had been demolished due to later construction works.</p><br>
<p>By the mid 1990s, the main hospital buildings such as the wards and the operating theatres were still extant, but had been adapted and altered several times. The admissions building and covered walkways remained, along with various other structures around the site. The AAMWS huts had been replaced by married quarters, the messes were demolished and replaced with new facilities, and the isolation and VD wards had been removed. Rhyndarra and the stables had been used continuously, with officers being accommodated in the main house since the early 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The 1 Military Hospital functioned together with the repatriation hospital at Greenslopes and facilities at Enoggera and treated its last patients mid-1996. A new hospital, constructed at Gallipoli Army Barracks, Enoggera, was commissioned in September 1996 and the former 1 Military Hospital was vacated.</p><br>
<p>Subsequently the hospital buildings were demolished, leaving only the house Rhyndarra, stable and significant trees, prior to the property being subdivided into approximately 30 residential allotments. Rhyndarra was extensively refurbished, albeit on a greatly reduced block, and is now a family residence. The former stables is located on a separate allotment and became part of a new house, with the hay bale hoist beam on the upper floor still readily identifiable. Part of the riverfront of the original property is now a reserve for park purposes, under the trusteeship of the Brisbane City Council.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Rhyndarra comprises a two-storeyed rendered brick residence overlooking the Brisbane River towards Long Pocket to the south, a stables to the northwest of the house, and part of the park reserve to the south and southwest of the house, which was formerly part of the grounds. The house and stables are visible from the approach along Riverview Place.</p><br>
<p>The house rests on a raised square-snecked stone base. It has a hipped corrugated iron roof with projecting gable above a hipped bay to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>Double height verandahs almost encircle the building, being broken by a projecting two-storeyed bay on the southern corner. The verandahs have cast iron columns and balustrade, with cast iron brackets and valance to the first floor and a timber lattice valance to the ground floor. The rear first floor verandah has been partially enclosed with fibrous cement and glass louvre panels. Walls are scribed to represent ashlar, the projecting bay has sash windows framed by rendered pilasters supporting a deep cornice and the gable above has a scalloped bargeboard.</p><br>
<p>The building is entered via a flight of steps adjacent to the projecting bay with rendered balustrades supporting large urns. The main entry has paired, panelled cedar doors with sidelights and fanlight, with a bay window to the verandah adjacent. French doors with fanlights and tall sash windows open onto the verandahs.</p><br>
<p>The building has a two-storeyed masonry service wing to the northwest, with a lower two-storeyed addition (1938). This addition has a masonry ground floor, chamferboard first floor and gable roof. A narrow timber stair accesses the first floor verandah from the rear re-entrant corner.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the ground floor contains a wide entrance hall, with a cedar staircase with turned balustrade and a tall arched sash window. The building has plastered walls, ornate plaster ceilings and cornices, cedar panelled doors, architraves and skirtings and a variety of marble fireplace surrounds. The northeast rooms on the ground floor are connected by a wide opening that originally housed folding cedar doors. The rear wing accommodates a kitchen, bathrooms and service rooms.</p><br>
<p>The grounds immediately surrounding the house contain remnant plantings from the various gardens that have existed. These include a large Jacaranda to the southeast, Lilly Pilly to the west and a small garden to the north which contains a Crows Ash, Frangipani and Silky Oak. The area of the property fronting the Brisbane River contains a number of large Eucalyptus spp.</p><br>
<p>The original Rhyndarra stable is located to the northwest of the house, separated from it by Heritage Close. This brick structure has a steeply pitched corrugated iron roof with a lean-to addition at the northeast end. The building has been adaptively reused as a private residence, with sleeping areas to the loft level and living and bedroom areas to the ground level. Roof-lights have been added, and an internal staircase constructed. A single-storeyed addition has been constructed to the south comprising living, kitchen and bathroom areas. The adaptive reuse has retained a strong visual connection between the stable and the villa.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Ryndarra was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1888-89 Rhyndarra, comprising house, stables and surviving grounds, is important for the evidence it provides of the way of life of Brisbane&#39;s more prosperous citizens in the late 19th century. As a large semi-rural estate, it was closely associated with the development of Yeronga as a middle-class suburb following the opening of the Yeronga Railway Station in 1885, yet occupied a middle ground between farm and suburban residence.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Rhyndarra is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its class of cultural places: large, late 19th century villa residences set in substantial grounds. These characteristics include: the form (two-storeyed); materials (brick on stone foundations); planning of both the main residence (public rooms downstairs, bedrooms on the upper floor, attached service wing) and the grounds (siting of the house overlooking the river, relationship of the house to auxiliary buildings such as the stables, and garden plantings) and decorative detailing and finishes (including ornate plaster ceilings and cornices, cedar panelled doors, architraves and skirtings and a variety of marble fireplace surrounds). It is a fine example of the work of Brisbane architect Andrea Stombuco.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Through its form, scale and siting as a riverside residence and together with its remnant plantings, Rhyndarra is of considerable aesthetic significance and the detailing of its materials and finishes reflects a fine quality of workmanship.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Rhyndarra has a special association with the work of the Salvation Army in housing and protecting orphans and other disadvantaged people in the early 20th century, particularly its concern for orphaned or homeless girls. The rear wing, added by the Salvation Army, has special value as it illustrates the adaptation of the building for use as a girls&#39; home. Rhyndarra is also important for its strong association with the Australian Army as part of the military hospital established in the grounds of Rhyndarra in 1943/44.</p><br>
<p>The Robert and Suzanne Drucker House is an architecturally significant house in Wilmette, Illinois, United States. It was designed by architect Harry Weese for his sister Sue Drucker and her husband Robert. Brother Ben Weese designed an addition in 1963.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sue (née Weese) Drucker was the younger sister of architect Harry Weese. In 1952, she and her husband Robert Drucker were living with their three children in an Evanston, Illinois apartment when they decided that they wanted to have a house. Her brother Harry Weese was an architect who started his own practice in 1947 following World War II. They chose to stay in the vicinity, selecting a site in nearby Wilmette, Illinois by her mother. Construction took much longer than expected, as Harry had to fire his contractor halfway through the project. The house was completed in 1954.</p><br>
<p>Because Harry Weese was close with his family, he had a good idea of what Sue was looking for in a home. He designed the house to have many windows on the south so that it would always be filled with sunlight during the day. Although it is generally an open floor plan, rooms could also be closed off with accordion doors for privacy. In lieu of garage—which Harry saw only as a storage building—Weese designed a carport with storage cabinets. In 1963, Harry and Sue&#39;s brother Ben Weese designed a second-floor wing with three bedrooms. As of September 2013, the Drucker family still resides in the house.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Robert and Suzanne Drucker House is in the Indian Hills Subdivision of Wilmette. It is on the south side of Iroquois Street halfway between Illinois Road to the east and Hibbard Road to the west. The house stands out on its block, which is otherwise filled with standard historical revival homes. It is situated on a deep rectangular 0.5 acre lot with a fenced rear yard. The house sits 85 ft back from Iroquois Street. The two-story house is generally L-shaped with its long portion parallel to Iroquois and its wing extension on the west. Typical of the International Style, the house lacks excess ornamentation. Roofs are flat, covered with tar and gravel, and edged with aluminum. Exterior walls are painted vertical board-and-batten cedar siting. Doors and windows have painted metal frames. The carport, porches, and terrace have wood privacy walls.</p><br>
<p>The main section of the house measures 40 x. Originally one story, the Druckers commissioned a second-story addition on the main section in 1963. The rear wing is irregular, measuring 45 ft on the west, 18 ft on the south, 35 ft on the east and 9 ft on the north. The front porch and terrace, extending 10 ft from the house, stretch 30 ft along the front of the house. To the west of the porch and terrace is the 18 x carport. The rear of the house features a 15 x screened-in porch with a flat roof and a simple wooden cornice. A small terrace fits between the porch and the western wing of the house.</p><br>
<p>Marshalls Store, also known as DeHavens Store, or the Marshall/DeHaven Store, is a commercial building located at 102 East St. Joseph Street in Lawrence, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hannibal M. Marshall was born in Antwerp, New York in 1835, and moved with his family first to Oakland County, Michigan and then to Van Buren County, Michigan in 1838. He taught school for three years, then in 1859 began clerking in Dr. Nelson Rowe&#39;s store in Hartford, Michigan. At the end of the year, he bought out Rowe and went into business for himself. The store prospered, and by 1874 Marshall was able to construct this large building in the village of Lawrence. Marshall owned the store through the end of the 19th century. Until 1902 the third floor of his building was used by Masons and other fraternal organizations as a meeting place.</p><br>
<p>In 1906, the store was purchased by Levi C. DeHaven. DeHaven was born in 1852, and in 1871 purchased a store in Bangor, Michigan. He had multiple other business ventures, including purchasing the "Big Store" in Bangor in 1900. After purchasing Marshalls store, DeHaven changed the name to "DeHaven and Sons." He operated both the Lawrence and Bangor stores until 1924, when he sold the Lawrence store to Henry R. Phillips. Phillips continued to operate the store using the name, "DeHavens Store" until his death in 1965.</p><br>
<p>After Phillips&#39; death, the store closed for good,</p><br>
<p>The structure remained vacant until 1976, when Kim Traverse purchased it. From 1977 to 1983, the DeHaven Store served as the home of the Whole Art Theatre Company. It has remained one of the best preserved and most distinctive Italianate commercial buildings in the region.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Marshall&#39;s Store is located at the center of the village of Lawrence, and is by far the largest and most visually striking building in the commercial district. It is a three-story red brick Italianate</p><br>
<p>structure stretching five bays wide. The first floor has three display windows and two doors. The name "DEHAVENS STORE" is painted directly on the bricks above the entrance.</p><br>
<p>Harptree Court is a Grade II listed building at East Harptree in the English county of Somerset. It was built around 1800 to designs by Charles Harcourt Masters.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1797 on several fields including one known as Brookes Close. It was originally known as Richmond Hall. The original owner Joshua Scrope put the house up for sale in 1803 and it was bought by the Waldegrave family. It was sold again in 1858 when it was bought by a Miss Gurney. In 1879 it was bought by William Wildman Ketllewell.</p><br>
<p>It is now a private house part of which operates as a Bed and breakfast. The Great British Bake Off was filmed at Harptree Court for both Series 3 and Series 4.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was built of Bath Stone in a neoclassical style with the front having 13 bays. There is a central Greek tetrastyle porch with an ironwork balcony above it. There are flanking bays on either side to pedimented end bays. The rear, or garden front, of the building has a similar design to the front but with a distyle ionic porch.</p><br>
<p>The gatepiers at the lower lodge have chamfered rustication and moulded cornices with elliptical ball finials. There are similar gatepiers at the upper lodge north of the house, and another at the entrance to the stable yard.</p><br>
<p>Within the grounds are two lakes fed by a small stream. The stream is crossed by a small ornamental balustraded bridge.</p><br>
<p>Unity Hall is a historic building located at 3140 S. Indiana Ave. in the Douglas community area of Chicago, Illinois. Built in 1887, the building originally served as a Jewish social club called the Lakeside Club. The red brick building, designed by local architect L.B. Dixon, features terra cotta decorations and sheet metal edging. In 1917, Chicago alderman Oscar Stanton De Priest founded the Peoples Movement Club and made Unity Hall its headquarters. De Priest was the first African-American to serve on the Chicago City Council, and he established the Peoples Movement Club to organize the black community politically. The Peoples Movement Club became "one of the best organized political groups" in Chicago&#39;s Black Metropolis neighborhood, and De Priest became the first African-American USA Representative from the northern states in 1928.</p><br>
<p>After the Peoples Movement Club left the building, William L. Dawson used it as his political headquarters. It is currently vacant and was placed on Preservation Chicago&#39;s list of the most endangered historic properties in the city.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 30, 1986. It was named a Chicago Landmark on September 9, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Four Nineteen Building is a historic gas station building located at 419 E. 83rd St. in the Chatham community area of Chicago, Illinois. The station was built in 1928 by William D. Meyering and David L. Sutton, two local real estate businessmen. The station is an example of the Domestic style of gas station architecture, in which stations were designed to resemble small houses. A wooden canopy supported by brick piers covers the buildings front entrance and two garage bays extend from either side, making the station part of a subtype of the Domestic style appropriately named "House with Canopy and Bays". The stations walls are built with clinker bricks laid in a skintled pattern, a combination of two Chicago construction innovations. Clinker bricks were heated at higher temperatures than standard bricks, making them swollen, dense, and differently colored; the bricks were generally discarded until the 1920s, when Chicago architects began to build with them. The skintled pattern of brickwork consisted of rough and irregular bricklaying in which bricks stuck out of and into the wall at different angles. The building&#39;s parapet roof is tiled with multicolored Mission style clay tiles, which were thought to pair well with skintled walls by architects of the era. Gas stations constructed from the 1930s onward generally had more functional designs, and as of 1999, the Four Nineteen Building was one of only sixteen Domestic-style gas stations remaining in Chicago and one of three with both a canopy and bays.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 12, 1999.</p><br>
<p>Zhongshan District is a district of the city of Keelung, Taiwan.</p><br>
<h2>Government</h2><br>
<p>* Civil affairs division</p><br>
<p>* Social affairs division</p><br>
<p>* Economic construction division</p><br>
<p>* Military service division</p><br>
<p>* Mediation committee</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>* Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health</p><br>
<p>* Keelung Fu Jen Sacred Heart Senior High School</p><br>
<h2>Tourist attractions</h2><br>
<p>* Baimiweng Fort</p><br>
<p>* Cave of Buddha&#39;s Hand</p><br>
<p>* Lake Coastal Boulevard</p><br>
<p>* Memorial for Labors Died during Keelung Port Construction</p><br>
<p>* Waimushan Fishing Harbor</p><br>
<p>* Xian Dong Yan</p><br>
<h2>Infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>* Hsieh-ho Power Plant</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The district is accessible from Keelung Station of the Taiwan Railway Administration.</p><br>
<p>Nuannuan District is a district of the city of Keelung, Taiwan.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>* Area: 22.8283 km²</p><br>
<p>* Population: 38,393 people (January 2016)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the period of Japanese rule, Shichitoku village included modern day Nuannuan and Qidu District and was governed under Kīrun District of Taihoku Prefecture.</p><br>
<h2>Tourist attractions</h2><br>
<p>* Nuannuan Ande Temple</p><br>
<p>* Chinshan Temple</p><br>
<p>* Haihue Temple</p><br>
<p>* Hsishih Reservoir</p><br>
<p>* Nuannuan Sport Park</p><br>
<p>* Nuantung Nursery Garden</p><br>
<p>* Nuantung Nursery Garden Farm Park</p><br>
<p>* Potholes at Nuanchiang Bridge</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>* TRA Badu Station</p><br>
<p>* TRA Nuannuan Station</p><br>
<p>East District  is a district in east Hsinchu City, Taiwan. It is the second largest of the three districts in Hsinchu City. The East District is home to the Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>* Area:</p><br>
<p>* Population: 208,122 (January 2016)</p><br>
<h2>Government institutions</h2><br>
<p>* National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center</p><br>
<p>* National Space Organization</p><br>
<p>* National Applied Research Laboratories</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<h3>Universities</h3><br>
<p>* National Chiao Tung University</p><br>
<p>* National Tsing Hua University</p><br>
<h3>High schools</h3><br>
<p>* Hsinchu Pei Ying Junior High School</p><br>
<p>* National Hsinchu Girls&#39; Senior High School</p><br>
<p>* National Hsinchu Senior High School</p><br>
<h2>Tourist attractions</h2><br>
<p>* 18 Peaks Mountain Park</p><br>
<p>* Black Bat Squadron Memorial Hall</p><br>
<p>* Cheng Huang Temple</p><br>
<p>* Glass Museum of Hsinchu City</p><br>
<p>* Green Grass Lake</p><br>
<p>* Guan Di Temple</p><br>
<p>* Gu Qi Feng Cultural Museum</p><br>
<p>* Hsinchu City Art Site of Railway Warehouse</p><br>
<p>* Hsinchu Taiwan Pavilion Expo Park</p><br>
<p>* Hsinchu Zoo</p><br>
<p>* Jin Shan Temple</p><br>
<p>* Jinshi Mansion</p><br>
<p>* Lake Placid</p><br>
<p>* National Hsinchu Living Arts Center</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<h3>Rail</h3><br>
<p>The Taiwan Railway Administration serves East District via four stations: Hsinchu, North Hsinchu, Shibo and Zhuke.</p><br>
<h3>Road</h3><br>
<p>Bus station in the district is Hsinchu Bus Station of Hsinchu Bus.</p><br>
<p>North District  is a district in north Hsinchu City, Taiwan. North District is the city seat of Hsinchu City. It is the smallest of the three districts in Hsinchu City.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>* Area:</p><br>
<p>* Population: 149,300 (January 2016)</p><br>
<h2>Government institutions</h2><br>
<p>* Hsinchu Air Base</p><br>
<p>* Hsinchu City Government</p><br>
<p>* Hsinchu City Council</p><br>
<h2>Infrastructures</h2><br>
<p>* Hsinchu City EPB Incinerator Plant</p><br>
<h2>Tourist attractions</h2><br>
<p>* Hsinchu City Fire Museum</p><br>
<p>* Hsinchu City God Temple</p><br>
<p>* Hsinchu CKS Baseball Stadium</p><br>
<p>* Hsinchu Fish Harbor</p><br>
<p>* Hsinchu Museum of Military Dependents Village</p><br>
<p>* Immaculate Heart of Mary Cathedral</p><br>
<p>Newliston is a country house near Edinburgh, Scotland. It is located 1 mi south-west of Kirkliston, and 8 mi west of the city centre. The house, designed by Robert Adam in the late 18th century, is a category A listed building. The 18th-century gardens, inspired by the French formal style, are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the listing of nationally significant gardens. Newliston is within the City of Edinburgh council area and the historic county of West Lothian.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Newliston was originally the property of the Dundas family of nearby Dundas Castle. Duncan Dundas, the Lord Lyon King of Arms, acquired the property in the 15th century. His descendant, Elizabeth Dundas, 8th of Newliston, married John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair (1648–1707).</p><br>
<p>Their son John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair (1679–1747), served as ambassador to the French court at Versailles from 1715 to 1720. Inspired by the formal style of the gardens of Versailles, Lord Stair set about planning a grand garden for Newliston. The architect William Adam drew up plans for a new mansion, as well as a layout for the gardens, in 1723–1725. William Adams design for the house was never built, although the stables are probably his work. Much of the detail of the garden design, including canals, cascades and avenues, may have been the work of Lord Stair himself. Work on the gardens continued until 1744, employing up to 200 workmen. Lord Stair was an officer in the British Army, rising to the rank of Field Marshal at the Battle of Dettingen (1743) and opposing the Jacobites during the Rising of 1745. Lord Stairs loyalty has led to suggestions that the Union Jack patterned layout of "Hercules Wood" within the grounds is a celebration of his part in the victory at Dettingen.</p><br>
<p>In 1747, following Lord Stairs death, Newliston was sold to London merchant Roger Hog. His son, Thomas Hog of Newliston, commissioned Robert Adam, son of William Adam, to design the present house in 1789. The house then became the home of James Maitland Hog, Rogers grandson.</p><br>
<p>The landscape designer William Sawrey Gilpin worked on improvements to the grounds in the 1830s, during which time the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway was built through the south-west corner of the Newliston parks. The East Lodge, on the B800 road, was built in 1848, probably to the designs of David Bryce.</p><br>
<p>The house remains in the ownership of Roger Hog&#39;s descendants, and is open to the public during the summer. A ride-on miniature railway runs through the grounds.</p><br>
<p>West Shining Tree Lake is a lake in the Unorganized North Sudbury District of Ontario, Canada. It lies about 15 km west of East Shining Tree Lake.</p><br>
<p>The community of Shining Tree lies on its east shore.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The community of Shining Tree lies on Highway 560, in Northern Ontario, which runs west from Highway 11 to Highway 144. It is midway between Sudbury to the south and Timmins to the north.</p><br>
<p>The lake may also be accessed by float plane.</p><br>
<p>West Shining Tree Lake is connected to five other lakes through narrow passages.</p><br>
<p>The lake has over 40 mi of highly irregular shoreline.</p><br>
<p>There are many islands, channels and bays.</p><br>
<p>In the past West Shining Tree Lake was on an Ojibway canoe route from Bear Island, Temagami, to the Mattagami First Nation, north of Gogama. The Ojibway named the area "Wasakwagama", meaning White Tree Water, after the many white birches growing there, particularly on McRae Island. A fur trading post was established in 1905 by Mort and John Moore. They mistranslated Wasakwagama as "Shining Tree", whether by accident or design, and called their post the Shining Tree General Store. This became the name of the town and the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>The region is at an elevation of 340 to 360 m above sea level, with gently undulating terrain of rounded hills sculpted by glacial action.</p><br>
<p>The general drainage direction in the area is towards the north or east.</p><br>
<p>The bedrock is mafic or intermediate metavolcanic rock. The area has unusually elevated levels of copper, cadmium and zinc.</p><br>
<p>Gold has been mined in the region in the past, and gold exploration was continuing as of 2012.</p><br>
<p>Average temperatures range from -9 &deg;C from December to February, up to 16 &deg;C from June to August.</p><br>
<p>An average 285 cm of snow falls each winter.</p><br>
<p>Average annual rainfall is 805 mm</p><br>
<p>The land is covered by typical boreal forest vegetation.</p><br>
<h2>Game</h2><br>
<p>The land around the lake has stable populations of black bear and moose, and plentiful grouse, snowshoe hare and duck.</p><br>
<p>All of these may be hunted in the fall season. A license is required.</p><br>
<p>Hunters may use rifles or bows.</p><br>
<p>Fish include northern pike, walleye (pickerel), smallmouth bass, whitefish, perch, and various species of trout including lake trout, brook trout and rainbow trout. Again, a fishing license is required. Ice fishing may be practiced in winter.</p><br>
<p>There are several tourist resorts that offer housekeeping cabins, boat rentals and other services.</p><br>
<p>Sina River is a large tributary of the Bhima river which is starting near Ahmednagar city. It has two chief sources, one near Jamgaon about 20 km. west of the town of Ahmadnagar and the other near Jeur about 16 km. to its north-east. For a distance of about 55 km. roughly, the river forms boundary between Ahmadnagar District on the one hand and Beed district on the other. On the right, it receives the waters of Mahekri, and ultimately joins the Bhima on the Karnatak State border.It has earth filled Sina Dam near Karjat in Ahmadnagar District.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>The Sina, one of the large left-bank feeders of the Bhima, rises 22km. west of Torna in Ahmadnagar district and runs south east through Ahmadnagar and Solapur district to fall into the Bhima near Kudul about 25km. south of Solapur, on the Maharashtra and Karnataka boundary. Of its entire length of 180km, the river has a length of 177km within the district. About 7km. north of Mohol, the river receives the Bhogavati river on its left bank. Another small tributary on the left bank is the Gorda nadi joining the Sina east of Madha. The Sina is about 100–200 metres broad and has steep banks. The bed is generally sandy but occasionally rocky. While upstream of Mohol, the river flows through a narrow valley, downstream it opens out widely to merge into the broad valley of Bhima. The Sina is crossed by five ferries, one in Madha at Kolgaon, and four in Solapur at Lamboti, Tirha, Vaddukbal and Vangi.</p><br>
<p>Ahmed Nizamshah Bahiri established Ahmednagar in 1490 A.D on the banks on Sina River. The Iron Bridge on this river near the railway station was more than 100 years old. Bagroja tomb dedicated to Ahmed Nizamshah and his wife, located on the banks of the Sina River.</p><br>
<p>Bhima to Sina interlink (Jod Kalava) with 21-km tunnel from Ujjani reservoir is constructed to supply water for vast lands in catchment area of Sina from main Bhima river. Number of barrages are constructed downstream on the Sina river.</p><br>
<p>Diemerstein Forest  is a part of the Palatine Forest, a mountainous region within the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It has an area of about 50 km².</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Diemerstein Forest lies in the north of the Palatine Forest, north of the hamlet of Diemerstein, which belongs to the municipality of Frankenstein (Enkenbach-Alsenborn collective municipality, Kaiserslautern district). The Autobahn 6 motorway from Saarbrücken to Mannheim runs for just under 10 km through the northern part of the forest, reaching its highest point at 403 metres above sea level (NN) for this section.</p><br>
<p>The forest is bounded roughly by the B 37 federal highway from Kaiserslautern to Bad Dürkheim in the south, by the B 48 from Rockenhausen to Annweiler in the west and by the Landesstraße 395 state road, that links Enkenbach-Alsenborn and Grünstadt, in the north. In the east near Carlsberg the Diemerstein Forest has not visible boundary with other parts of the Palatine Forest. The settlements of Hochspeyer in the southwest, Enkenbach-Alsenborn in the northwest and Carlsberg in the northeast form a triangle that roughly encloses the Diemerstein Forest.</p><br>
<p>Elevations generally range between 300 and 450 metres. Amongst the most important hills are the Kieskautberg (461 m), the Krummes Eck (449 m) and die Hohe Bühl (443 m), on which are the sources of both the Eisbach (north flank) and the Isenach (south flank).</p><br>
<p>The watershed between the northern catchment area of the Eisbach und Eckbach and the southern catchment of the Isenach und Speyerbach (Hochspeyerbach) runs over the Krummes Eck in the west via the Hohe Bühl in the north and the Kieskautberg in the east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Above the hamlet of Diemerstein lie the ruins of the eponymous castle, which is first recorded in 1216. In 1521, during the Reformation period, the knight Ulrich von Hutten lived here. The present Diemerstein Forest is, in large part, identical with the forest estate of the ords of the castle and hence bore their name.</p><br>
<p>Elderberry Forebay is a small reservoir in Los Angeles County, California, which serves as the pumping forebay of the Castaic Power Plant. It located at the upper end of the larger Castaic Lake and is separated from the lake by Elderberry Forebay Dam at its southern edge. Entering the northern end of the forebay is the west branch of the California Aqueduct, which connects the forebay to Pyramid Lake through the Angeles Tunnel.</p><br>
<p>A component of the California State Water Project, the reservoir was partitioned from Castaic Lake in 1974 to store water for pumped-storage hydroelectricity generation. During on-peak energy-demand hours, water flows 7.5 mi from Pyramid Lake through the Angeles Tunnel and then on to the turbines of the Castaic Power Plant, producing electricity. From there, the water flows into Elderberry Forebay. During off-peak hours (including nighttime and Sundays), water is pumped from the forebay, back through the tunnel and into Pyramid Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Hopewell High School Complex, also known as James E. Mallonee Middle School, is a historic former school campus located at 1201 City Point Road in Hopewell, Virginia, United States. Contributing properties in the complex include the original school building, athletic field, club house, concession stand, press box, Home Economics Cottage, gymnasium and Science and Library Building. There are two non-contributing structures on the property.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1925, the Tudor Revival style school building served white high school students of Hopewell until 1967 when a new racially integrated facility was built and the former high school was converted into a middle school. The building was abandoned in 1988 after students were moved to another location. The athletic field, a project of the Works Progress Administration, is still used by Hopewell High School teams and the local school board offices are housed in the Home Economics Cottage and Science and Library Building.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and Virginia Landmarks Register in 2009. The following year, renovation of the school building into loft-style apartments was completed. The building is now known as the Hopewell Lofts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>School usage</h3><br>
<p>Following a devastating fire in 1915 that destroyed much of Hopewell, local citizens rebuilt the town and the local school system established a high school department. There were reportedly 21 students and 4 teachers the first year. During the next few years, classes were held in various locations including an old school building and a local YMCA facility on 3 ½ Avenue. Hopewell High School was formally established in 1921 and served only white students. There were only 11 graduating students in 1922, but the number of enrolled pupils soon increased when Hopewell, City Point, and surrounding villages were annexed and combined into an independent city, Hopewell. An influx of people working at local industrial plants resulted in a sharp increase in the population during the 1920s and plans were made for a new school facility. During the Progressive Era, schools were envisioned as being centers of the community. Virginia State Board of Education officials also sought to replace smaller school buildings with larger, architecturally significant facilities. Hopewell was "developed with the intention of being a comprehensive school with courses as varied as the demand and facilities would permit." Construction began on the new high school building in 1924.</p><br>
<p>Frederick A. Bishop, a prolific architect and contractor from nearby Richmond, was selected to design the school. His other designs include schools, banks and theaters in the Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell area and Tidewater region. Bishop&#39;s best known work is the Byrd Theatre in Richmond and his other designs in Hopewell include Hopewell City Hall and the Beacon Theatre.</p><br>
<p>The high school building, which could accommodate 725 students, was completed in the fall of 1925 and following the Thanksgiving holiday, pupils were moved to the new facility. There were 10 teachers for the 281 grades 8-11 students. Because of the school&#39;s extra space, over 300 grades 5-7 students were transferred to the new facility. The students in the lower grades were later transferred to other schools when high school enrollment increased in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>That decade also saw the expansion of the school complex. A small cottage, located across 12th Avenue, was built for home economics courses. Construction of the athletic field and club house was a project of the Works Progress Administration. In the 1940s, a gymnasium was built beside the cottage and a metal and woodworking shop was added to the rear of the school building. Both projects were designed by Richmond architects and engineers Carneal & Johnson. The firm, along with Richmond architect J. Henley Walker Jr., designed the Science and Library Building, located across 12th Avenue and completed in 1959.</p><br>
<p>In 1967, construction of a new racially integrated high school at 400 South Mesa Drive was completed and Hopewell High School became the James E. Mallonee Middle School, named in honor of the high school&#39;s principal from 1923 until the 1940s.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>The school building sat vacant until January 2008 when Hopewell city officials approved plans by Garcia Development, LLC to convert it into 50 loft-style apartments. The co-developer of the project was David McCormack, president of Waukeshaw Development, Inc. The renovation was delayed by 16 months due to the 2008 economic downturn, a fire in April 2008 which damaged the property, and the developers waiting for historic tax credit approval. It was described as a "representative and intact example of an early 20th-century urban school complex" that "retains the integrity of its historic location, association, setting, feeling, design, materials, and workmanship."</p><br>
<p>The $8 million project, named the Hopewell Lofts, was completed in May 2010. The renovation was designed by McEntire Davis Architects and the contractor was Haase, Inc.</p><br>
<p>The Home Economics Cottage and the Science and Library Building now serve as offices for the Hopewell School Board. The athletic field continues to be used for the Hopewell High School Blue Devils home football games. The gymnasium began serving as a cold weather shelter for the homeless during the 2014–2015 winter season. In 2016, former NFL players Wali Rainer and Hopewell High School graduate Monsanto Pope joined other professional athletes in urging Hopewell government officials to renovate the gymnasium to reuse as a teen center focusing on tutoring and sports.</p><br>
<h2>Layout and design</h2><br>
<p>The Hopewell High School Complex is located on the north side of City Point Road near Hopewell&#39;s commercial center. The boundaries of the complex include West Broadway Avenue to the north, North 14th Avenue to the east, West City Point Road to the south and North 11th Avenue to the east. North 12th Avenue divides the complex and the main school building features a circular driveway off of City Point Road. The complex includes eight contributing properties and two non-contributing. The contributing properties, built between 1925 and 1959, include the original school building, athletic field, club house, concession stand, press box, Home Economics Cottage, gymnasium and Science and Library Building. The two non-contributing properties are late 20th-century storage sheds on the west side of the athletic field.</p><br>
<h3>Hopewell High School Building</h3><br>
<p>The original portion of the school, built in 1925, is a Tudor Revival, two-story, seven-bay brick building with a basement. The arched stone entrance features decorative brick work and quoining. "Hopewell High School" is on a stone panel above the doorway and "James E. Mallonee Middle School" is lettered just below the roofline. There are three sets of doors at the entrance, each featuring glass and wood panels. Above these doors are transoms with divided lights. There are steel sash windows throughout the building with most having 18 divided lights. Many of these feature a hopper mechanism in the bottom portion of the window.</p><br>
<p>The original layout of the basement included classrooms, labs, the cafeteria and kitchen, offices, locker rooms and a boiler room. The main floor featured classrooms, restrooms, the library, principals office and superintendent of schools office. The auditorium and maple wood stage is located in the center of the building. The upper portion of the auditorium including the gallery is on the second floor. This floor also featured classrooms, a teacher&#39;s lounge and the study hall.</p><br>
<p>In the rear of the main school building is the two-story shop, a concrete and brick addition built in 1935. It features an interior chimney on the northwest corner. There are two modern doors on the west side of the building and a metal door on the southeast corner. The building originally featured a metal shop, woodworking shop, finishing room, tool and supply rooms, an office and wash room.</p><br>
<h3>William L. Merner Athletic Field</h3><br>
<p>The athletic field, built in the 1930s as a Works Progress Administration project, is sited on the north side of the complex directly behind the main school building. The field features two goal posts, a metal scoreboard and concrete track and sidewalks. Concrete bleachers, believed to be built in the late 1930s, are on the east side of the field and modern, metal bleachers are on the west side. A concrete wall built in the late 1930s surrounds the perimeter of the field. It features capped pilasters approximately every six feet. A parking area is sited just north of the field.</p><br>
<h3>Club house</h3><br>
<p>The club house, built in 1936, is located near the athletic fields southeast corner. It is a one-story concrete building with a flat roof that features identical capped pilasters found on the concrete wall surrounding the athletic field. There are six boarded up, square windows and three doors. The only accessible door is on the buildings west side. The interior of the building is made up of small rooms that connect to a larger one.</p><br>
<h3>Concession stand</h3><br>
<p>The concession stand, built sometime between 1936 and 1959, is located just west of the club house. The concrete building features a bump-out with three windows and sliding metal shades. Mens and womens restrooms are located in this building.</p><br>
<h3>Press box</h3><br>
<p>The press box, built sometime between 1936 and 1959, is located at the top of the athletic field&#39;s concrete bleachers. It features many of the same elements as the concession stand. It is made of concrete and has five window openings with sliding metal shades. There is one door that is connected to the bleachers by metal stairs. The metal roof extends over this doorway and the window openings to provide a canopy.</p><br>
<h3>Home Economics Cottage</h3><br>
<p>The cottage, built in the late 1930s, is a -story Colonial Revival brick building featuring a pair of brick chimneys. It is located across North 12th Avenue, east of the athletic field and beside the gymnasium. Windows on the first floor, which are covered with metal bars, and the three gabled dormers are 6/9 wood sash windows. Others throughout the building are 6/6 sash windows. There is a four-light transom above the solid wood front door.</p><br>
<p>The interior features many of the cottage&#39;s original details including mantels, woodwork and built-in cabinets. There is an arched opening between the former dining and living rooms. A large room, which features the same design and materials as the original portion and is located at the rear of the building, is believed to be a later addition to the cottage.</p><br>
<h3>Gymnasium</h3><br>
<p>The two-story, Colonial Revival gymnasium was built in 1949 and features a cornerstone on the northwest corner inscribed with the year construction was completed. It is located at 111 North 12th Avenue, east of the club house and beside the Home Economics Cottage. The nine-bay brick building features quoining, decorative pilasters and a pedimented stone cap. Transom is above the modern metal doors. There are 12/12 wood sash windows with brick arches on the first floor and 12/12 wood sash windows with brick jack arches on the second floor. A keystone and decorative limestone panels are above the second floor windows. The large second floor wood sash windows on the rear portion of the building feature round-arched fanlights. There are two modern doors on the south side of the building. The first floor entrance includes a metal canopy. A metal staircase just east of this entrance leads to the door on the second floor. A boiler room is in the rear portion of the building. The building features wood floors in the gymnasium and concrete floors elsewhere. In addition to the two-story gymnasium, the original layout included classrooms, a band room, boys and girls locker rooms and storage space.</p><br>
<h3>Science and Library Building</h3><br>
<p>The two-story, International Style Science and Library Building, which includes a full basement, was built in 1959. It is located at 103 North 12th Avenue, east of the main school building and south of the gymnasium. The projecting one-story entrance, featuring four-bay store front windows with transoms and a pair of full light doors with transoms, is covered by a flat aluminum roof. "Hopewell School Board Office" is lettered above the entrance. There are aluminum frame sliding glass windows on the north and south sides of the building. The exterior walls on these sides are clad with EIFS (exterior insulation finishing system) which was added in the 1990s after a storm damaged the building. An aluminum canopy covers the entrance on North 11th Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The original layout of the basement featured offices, testing rooms, work rooms, a board room, an elementary education room, an employee lounge, restrooms, the janitor closet and a boiler room. Classrooms, a faculty lounge, a library and A.V. room, restrooms and storage space were on the first floor. The entire second floor was devoted to science and featured classrooms, labs, prep areas as well as restrooms.</p><br>
<p>Beacon Theatre, also known as the Broadway Theatre and Pythian Lodge, is a historic theatre building located at Hopewell, Virginia. It was built in 1928, and is a three-story, vaudeville and movie theater with storefront commercial space, second-floor apartments and third-floor meeting space. It has Colonial Revival and Art Deco style details. The building features decorative bands of flush brickwork punctuated with rectangular cast-stone corner blocks and cast-stone detailing in the parapet coping; the theater is adorned with classical plaster friezes, an elaborate proscenium, and a cove ceiling in the auditorium. The Beacon Theatre remained a theater offering live performances and movies until it closed in 1981. It later reopened.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Downtown Hopewell Historic District is a national historic district located at Hopewell, Virginia. The district encompasses 38 contributing buildings in the central business district of Hopwell. The district primarily includes masonry buildings, largely built after a devastating fire in 1915. The scale is low with most buildings only two stories in height with decorative brick cornices and Art Deco features. Notable buildings include the Wells Building, Larkin Building , Randolph Hotel , former National Bank of Hopewell , D. L. Elder Bank , and First Federal Savings and Loan building . Located in the district and separately listed are the Hopewell Municipal Building and Beacon Theatre.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Karlstal is the valley of the Moosalb stream located near Trippstadt in the Palatine Forest in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It is registered as a nature reserve - number 335 055 - under the name of Karlstalschlucht .</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Karlstal lies about 10 kilometres south of the German city of Kaiserslautern near the climatic spa of Trippstadt. There is a footpath running through the Karlstal Gorge, a ravine which is roughly 3 kilometres long.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell, who laid out the first landscape garden in Germany, was involved in the conversion and extension of the gardens of Trippstadt House in the 1780s. Whilst there, he got to know the nearby Karlstal and described it thus:</p><br>
<p>Subsequently Sckell undertook alterations over the central part of the gorge, a good kilometre long, and dovetailed a trail with little wooden bridges and a wooden pavilion into the valley, so that its near-natural impression was even more heightened.</p><br>
<p>An iron table at the entrance to the valley refers to a royal visit: Ex-king Ludwig I of Bavaria, Grand Duke Louis III of Hesse-Darmstadt and Archduchess Hildegard of Austria, together with their retinue, visited the valley on 9 August 1862.</p><br>
<h2>Landscape</h2><br>
<p>The rocky gorge, through which the Moosalb flows and which is largely natural, contains a large amount of rock debris from the red bunter sandstone of the region, as well as numerous little waterfalls and old deciduous and conifer stands. As a result it is one of those destinations in the Palatine Forest that is promoted by those responsible for tourism.</p><br>
<p>On the left-hand side of the Karlstal valley, is a formerly occupied rock cave which is only accessible on an almost unmetalled path. Above it, on level ground is the Amseldell, an old park-like area from the 19th century that has since been left to decay, but which originally had a maze, a firing range and a hut.</p><br>
<p>Other sights in the surrounding area are described in the article on the Moosalb.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>At its western end along the Biebermühl Railway, there was once a halt called Karlsthal, which through lack of profitability was closed. Since its closure the nearest station has been Schopp.</p><br>
<p>The Van Buren County Courthouse is a government building located at 212 East Paw Paw Street in Paw Paw, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1977 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Van Buren County was originally platted in 1829, and in 1837, the Board of Supervisors chose Paw Paw as the county seat. Construction began on this site in 1842, and the building was occupied in 1845. The older courthouse was moved to accommodate a new structure; the original Van Buren County Courthouse now serves as the Paw Paw City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The county hired Jackson architect Claire Allen to design the building, and contractor George Rickman & Sons to construct it. The cornerstone was laid on September 2, 1901, and the total cost, including courthouse, jail, and furnishings, was $120,000. Construction took a year and a half, and the building was dedicated on February 23, 1903.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, an annex was added to the courthouse to open up more office space. A memorial clock, edsignated the Sheldon and Oradell Rupert Memorial Clock, was installed in the tower in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Van Buren County Courthouse is a three-story rectangular Classical Revival structure constructed of yellow sandstone with a red tile hip roof. An Italian Renaissance clock tower topped with a cupola is placed in the center of the building. The cupola and the main cornice are both constructed of copper.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the courthouse is substantially original. The courtroom has high curved ceilings and dark woodwork, as well as electric chandeliers built to look like the original gas fixtures. Four large murals are also in the courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The Paw Paw City Hall is a government building located at 111 East Michigan Avenue in Paw Paw, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Van Buren County was originally platted in 1829, and in 1837, the Board of Supervisors chose Paw Paw as the county seat. County business was conducted in schools and private buildings for a few years, until the county decided to construct its own building. About $2900 was allocated to contractors Reuben E. Churchill, Stafford Godfrey, and Henry W. Rhodes. Construction began on this building in 1842 at the site of the current Van Buren County Courthouse, and the building was occupied in 1845.</p><br>
<p>In 1900, it was decided to construct a new courthouse for the county, and this structure was moved from its original site to the current location. It was first used as a feed store, then as a youth center during the Great Depression, and is now used as Paw Paw&#39;s city hall.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Paw Paw City Hall is a two-story temple-style Greek Revival structure clad in clapboard with a gable roof. The front facade features a portico with six columns sheltering a double-door front entrance with a Palladian window above.</p><br>
<p>The building once had a classical cupola on a square base. atop the roof. The cupola was removed in stages, and is now entirely absent.</p><br>
<p>The Blättersberg near Rhodt unter Rietburg in the Rhenish-Palatine county of Südliche Weinstraße is a mountain, in the Palatine Forest in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate.</p><br>
<p>The mountain has a north summit and a south summit; on the latter is the Ludwig observation tower.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Blättersberg lies in the Haardt, the eastern mountain chain of the Palatine Forest, in the eponymous nature park. Its summit rises 3 kilometres west-northwest of Rhodt unter Rietburg, within whose territory most of the mountain lies, 4.5 km west-southwest of Edenkoben, between the Edenkoben valley in the north and the Modenbach valley in the south, and 1.6 km (all as the crow flies) northwest of the village of Weyher in der Pfalz. The mountain can be clearly made out from the Rhine Plain. On its east-northeastern flank, to the west and above the stately home of Villa Ludwigshöhe that is visible for miles, is the castle of Rietburg (Rhodt), which is also a landmark. At the southern foot of the mountain, by the upper reaches of the Modenbach stream, lies the historic estate of the Buschmühle mill.</p><br>
<h3>Elevation</h3><br>
<p>The elevation of the Blättersberg is given on some topographic maps as, but on others as. About 60 metres south-southeast of the summit is another high point.</p><br>
<h2>Ludwig Tower</h2><br>
<p>On the southern summit of the Blätterberg stands an observation tower, built in 1883, called the Ludwig Tower (Ludwigsturm). From the viewing platform of the 15 metre-high tower the view to the east into the Rhine Plain is blocked by the trees, but elsewhere one can see as far as the Badener Höhe and Hornisgrinde in the Black Forest to the south-southeast, nearby Trifels Castle to the southwest, the Frankenweide forest with its hills, the Weißenberg (Luitpold Tower) and Hortenkopf (transmission mast) to the west, the nearby Kesselberg mountain to the northwest and the highest point in the Palatine Forest, the Kalmit, to the north-northeast.</p><br>
<h2>Transport links</h2><br>
<p>The Blättersberg and the Ludwig Tower may be reached from the top station of the chair lift near Villa Ludwigshöhe or from the Hüttenbrunnen hiker&#39;s car park in the Edenkobener valley above the Kohlplatz. Numerous hiking trails run through the local countryside.</p><br>
<p>The Bobenthaler Knopf  is a hill, in the southeastern Wasgau, the name given to the region covering the southern part of the Palatine Forest in Germany and the northern part of the Vosges in France.</p><br>
<p>The hill is located entirely within the territory of the municipality of Bobenthal, from which it derives its name. It lies about two kilometres east of the main settlement. In the west it descends relatively gently to the valley of the Wieslauter stream; in the east it drops considerably more steeply into the valley of the Reisbach. The Bobenthaler Kopf is covered by mixed woods. A footpath leads to the summit from the south. It forms the centre of the 319 hectare Bobenthaler Knopf Core Zone in the Palatine Forest Nature Park. About 1.5 kilometres to the south lie the Rittersteins of Löffelkreuz and Eselsschleifhäuschen.</p><br>
<p>Blandome is a historic hilltop home built circa 1830 and located overlooking the downtown area and within the city limits of Lexington, Virginia. Its history  shows Virginia&#39;s changing racial relations: from 19th century occupation by privileged whites ranging from slaveowners to proponents of Jim Crow, to 20th century occupation by economically successful and politically active African Americans.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A wealthy family or group of investors built Blandome circa 1830. The builder&#39;s identity is uncertain because real estate records only became organized for this area of the city (which became known as "Diamond Hill") circa 1872, when Laura H. Tucker, wife of John Randolph Tucker, bought the property for $6500 from Jacob Fuller (1816-1890), a native Lexingtonian who was the librarian of the Virginia Military Institute (hence "VMI").</p><br>
<h3>Beginnings through the American Civil War</h3><br>
<p>That institutions chief catalyst, John Thomas Lewis Preston (1811-1890), lived at Blandome when his first wife, the former Sarah Lyle Caruthers (1811-1856), gave birth to their son Thomas Lewis Preston on June 2, 1835. Young Thomas L. Preston was named after his paternal grandfather Major Thomas L. Preston (1781-1812) who had represented Rockbridge County in the Virginia House of Delegates for several years. In 1844 J.T.L. Preston moved his family to a house at 110 Preston Street. The educator, lawyer and military officer had graduated from Lexingtons Washington College (now Washington and Lee University, hence "W&L") in 1828 and during the next decade helped found VMI, located in what had been a former state arsenal building. VMI accepted its first students in 1839, and J.T.L. Preston was one of its first professors as well as spokesman.</p><br>
<p>After Lt.Col. J.T.L. Prestons service in the Confederate States Army (including under fellow faculty member promoted to Gen. Stonewall Jackson, who died in 1863) and emancipation of his plantations slaves (he owned property in several counties as well as Kentucky, and the non-slave states of Illinois and Indiana) caused financial troubles, Preston returned to teach at VMI. In 1870 he transferred some Lexington property (possibly Blandome) to Jacob Fuller. Before the war, J.T.L. Preston had invested jointly in several ventures with other Lexington natives and/or faculty members. He and Jacob Fuller (or his father of the same name), were among investors in a tannery at the foot of Diamond Hill; another investor was VMI professor Stonewall Jackson. Preston could have rented or rented out the house in which his son was born. His wife&#39;s elder brother, novelist Dr. William A. Caruthers (1802-1846) could also have owned or lived in the house (before financial reverses circa 1829, or during his return to the city in 1835), since he or especially his father William Caruthers (1771-1817) owned many properties in Lexington.</p><br>
<p>The Fullers appear to have lived in Blandome in the 1850s, and by 1850 operated a classical college preparatory school in Lexington, although contemporary advertisements contain no address. Jacob Fuller owned slaves. During the American Civil War, Union General Hunter raided Lexington, and later Union General George Crook made his headquarters at the Fullers&#39; residence. Fuller sold other houses on that street in 1873, and built a smaller house for himself and his wife below Blandome as the hill developed.</p><br>
<h3>John Randolph Tucker and his family</h3><br>
<p>John Randolph and Laura Tucker acquired Blandome, gave it its name, as well as renovated it as the surrounding area developed. Although sometimes given the honorific "Judge," Tucker, was like Preston a lawyer and Virginias Attorney General during the American Civil War and active in support of the Confederate cause. Immediately after the war, he practiced in Loudoun County as well as defended Confederate President Jefferson Davis, taught law at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, and in 1869 became counsel for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Former Confederate General Robert E. Lee invited Tucker to teach at Washington College in 1870 (which was renamed to include the Confederate Generals name in 1871). The Tuckers lived at Blandome from 1872 to 1875, as Tucker continued teaching and became the first dean of the new Washington and Lee University Law School. Tucker resigned from W&L to represent Virginias 6th congressional district (the northern Shenandoah Valley and his native Winchester, Virginia) in the USA House of Representatives. He delivered an annual lecture series at W&L, and also maintained a home and legal practice in Washington, D.C. during that decade. In 1889, after declining to seek re-election to Congress, Tucker returned to the W&L Law School as Professor of Equity, Commercial, Constitutional and International Law (and also helped confer an honorary degree upon Col. Preston in 1881, shortly before his retirement from VMI). Tucker also continued his private legal practice (building a surviving outbuilding for use as his law office) and even served as President of the American Bar Association before his death in 1897. His son Harry Tucker continued his fathers association with the W&L Law School, and in 1904 Laura Tucker sold Blandome.</p><br>
<h3>20th century Walker and Woods families</h3><br>
<p>After several intervening owners (and a year after Laura Tuckers death), African American business leader Harry Lee Walker (1875-1941) acquired Blandome. Born in a cabin at the foot of the hill and with an initial trade as a butcher, Walker built a thriving business purveying meat to VMI, W&L, and various fraternities, and later expanded into seafood and groceries and also increased his wealth through real estate investments. With his wife Eliza Bannister Walker (1874-1939; formerly a nurse at Washington D.C.s Freedmans hospital as well as a professional singer), Walker was active in the First Baptist Church and supported his wifes numerous social and educational causes, particularly as they affected blacks, women and children. Their only son Harry Thomas (1897-1914) died young; their daughter Nannie Elizabeth (1900-1993) would marry Clarence M. Wood Sr. (1899-1957) who would become his father-in-laws business partner and successor. Eliza Walker helped found the Virginia Federation of Colored Women and held their 1921 conference at Blandome. One of Walkers tenants, VMI professor, Robert T. Kerlin, also championed African American causes.</p><br>
<p>Clarence M. Wood Sr. continued his father-in-laws business and helped his wife raise six children at Blandome. Originally from Middlesex County, Wood had graduated from Virginia Union University and came to edit the Lexington Star, as well as sold real estate with his brother Joseph Woods and insurance for the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Society. He also taught night school in Lexington during the 1930s and in the 1940s became administrator of the newly opened (and segregated) Green Pastures Recreation Area (now Longdale Recreation Area) in nearby Alleghany County. Woods also owned a car dealership, gas station and drive-in ice cream parlor by the time he died in 1957. His wife Nannie managed the various family businesses after his death and until her own death in 1993. One of their sons, Alexander B. Wood, took up residence at Blandome with his wife Freddye H. Wood in 1997 and continued the familys community involvement as well.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built about 1830, Blandome is a two-story, five-bay, Federal / Greek Revival style brick dwelling. It was remodeled in 1872 in the Italianate style. The house features a metal-sheathed hipped roof capped by a belvedere and a three-bay front porch and front entrance with a richly ornamented surround. Also on the property are a contributing seven-sided law office building (c. 1890), garage (c. 1950), and ice chest (c. 1920).</p><br>
<p>Blandome was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Reid-White-Philbin House, also known as Evergreen House, is a historic home located at Lexington, Virginia. It was built in 1821, and is a two-story, Federal style brick dwelling. It features an early entry porch supported by Ionic order columns A two-story brick addition was made to the left-hand gable end in 1847. The addition has a two-tier front portico and a post-bellum conservatory with bay window. Attached to the rear is a 1 1/2-story stone kitchen wing dated to the second half of the 18th century. Also on the property is a contributing early- to mid-19th century dependency. It was built for locally prominent businessman, educator, and politician Samuel McDowell Reid.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. It is located in the Lexington Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Drachenfels  is a hill in the northern part of the Palatine Forest in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate) on the forest estate of the county town of Bad Dürkheim. At, it is the highest point of the Palatine Forest north of the Hochspeyerbach - Speyerbach line. The Drachenfels area has been designated as a nature reserve.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The hill lies in the west of a triangle whose sides are about 14 kilometres long, formed by the Isenach valley (B 37) in the north, the German Wine Route in the east and the valleys of the Hochspeyerbach and Speyerbach streams (B 39) in the southwest.</p><br>
<h3>Surrounding area</h3><br>
<p>Other tourist destinations in the area of the Drachenfels include the Siegfriedsbrunnen spring, the unoccupied foresters lodge of Kehrdichannichts, the ruins of the Murrmirnichtviel and Schaudichnichtum foresters lodges, the Lambertskreuz cross, first recorded in 1280 and the oldest wayside cross in the Palatinate region, the managed Lambertskreuz Hut, the Saupferch forest inn and the leisure and wildlife park of, the Kurpfalz Park.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The summit plateau, made of Bunter sandstone and about 13 hectares in area, which, from the Rhine Plain is clearly higher than the hills in front of it, has its highest point in the northeast. It was made a nature reserve in 1972. Until 1920, a pair of short-toed snake eagles nested here.</p><br>
<p>The name of the hill is – like that of the nearby Siegfriedsbrunnen spring – connected with the dragon from the Nibelung legend. Below the rock that juts out far to the southwest there are two caves; the small one is called the "Dragons Chamber" (Drachenkammer), the larger one, the "Dragons Lair" (Drachenhöhle). In the west of the plateau the remnants of a fortification from Roman times have survived; the former circular rampart is only just recognizable under the vegetation. From the so-called "West Rocks" (Westfelsen) in the northwest may be seen the Donnersberg, the summit of the Hunsrück range, to the north, and the city of Kaiserslautern to the west.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<h3>Transport</h3><br>
<p>Due to its central location Drachenfels accessible from all sides, albeit only on foot because the area is protected. Mountain bikes or other wheeled vehicles are not allowed. The ascent is very steep and runs over woodland tracks and paths that are unsurfaced in places. The nearest hiker&#39;s car park, Forsthaus Saupferch, where there is a trail map erected by the Palatine Forest Club, may be reached from the north – from the B 37 Kaiserslautern to Bad Dürkheim road – over a roughly 2 kilometre-long, metalled road.</p><br>
<h3>Maintenance</h3><br>
<p>The Drachenfels area is maintained by the Drachenfels Club.</p><br>
<p>Lexington and Covington Turnpike Toll House is a historic toll house located at Lexington, Virginia. The original section was built about 1834, as a two-room brick structure. A board-and-batten frame ell was added between 1865 and 1867. Two additional rooms were added to the original structure in the 1870s, forming a "U"-shape. In 1887, a Victorian style front porch was added to the original brick structure. The house was sheathed in weatherboard in 1904, and an addition filling in the "U" was added. The house was rehabilitated between 1997 and 2004. Also on the property are the contributing ruins of a spring house. The building housed a toll house into the 1850s, then became a dwelling.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church, originally known as Lexington African Baptist Church, is a historic Baptist church building in the city of Lexington, Virginia, United States. It was built between 1894 and 1896, and is a large brick church on a limestone basement in the Gothic Revival style. It has a front gable roof, round and lancet-arch stained glass windows, and towers at its two front corners. The right hand tower has a belfry and spire. The interior consists of a barrel-vaulted auditorium with a gallery on turned posts and the basement has classroom and meeting spaces. Historically First Baptist played a central role in the life of Lexington’s African-American community.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Minneriya tank is a reservoir in Sri Lanka made by an old civilisation; the Anuradhapura Kingdom. King Mahasena ordered a dam build across the Minneriya River, which made the lake. The tank covered 4,670 acre.</p><br>
<p>The Minneriya Tank was built by the great tank builder, King Mahasen (276–303) who ruled in Anuradhapura. This tank occupied 4670 acres and its strong 13-meter-tall dam running along a distance of 2 km held over 20 billion gallons of water. The water arrived from Amban River,a main tribunary of Mahaveli River, 48 km away, along the Elahara canal built by the King Vasabha (65–109) before his time.</p><br>
<p>This, along with other reservoirs created an irrigation paradise in the east. It was this growth in agriculture that opened up the massive trade with South East Asia through the Trincomalee harbour. From then onwards, Trincomalee harbour became one of the busiest in the region.</p><br>
<p>In 1820 AD, British Inland Revenue Officer Ralf Bachaus recorded that the whole area can be irrigated if this reservoir is restored. In 1856, British Governor Henry Ward recorded that it must have been an amazing reservoir which had been built very strong. They recorded the beauty of the vegetation, the wildlife which surrounded the reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The Mahavamsa, chronicle of Sri Lanka, states that Mahasen constructed sixteen large tanks and two irrigation canals. The largest among these is the Minneriya tank about which Henry Ward, a governor of Sri Lanka when it was a British crown colony, had stated</p><br>
<p>The Ocqueoc Falls Highway–Ocqueoc River Bridge is a highway bridge located on the Ocqueoc Falls Highway over Ocqueoc River in Ocqueoc Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. It is significant as a well-preserved early example of concrete arch bridges constructed by the Michigan State Highway Department.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1913, the state of Michigan authorized the designation of a state trunkline system, stipulating that the Michigan State Highway Department would build and maintain bridges of 30 ft or more on trunk line routes. Soon after, a trunkline route across Presque Isle County was designated, with most of the road improvements completed by 1915. However, it was not until 1919 that the Michigan State Highway Department began work on designing this bridge, designated Trunk Line Bridge No. 253. Bids were solicited, and eventually Rogers City contractor John Decker was awarded an $8,849 contract to construct this bridge. Work was completed in 1920.</p><br>
<p>This section of the trunkline was later incorporated into US-23 and M-68. In 1954, the main highway was rerouted over another bridge, but this one continued to carry local traffic.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ocqueoc Falls Highway–Ocqueoc River Bridge is 57 ft long, with a structure width of 23 ft and a roadway width of 20 ft. The structure of the bridge is as a 50 ft filled spandrel arch with an elliptical profile sitting on concrete abutments. The ring arch is corbelled and the concrete guardrails include panels. Bronze plates reading "Trunk Line Bridge" are mounted inside the guardrail walls. The structure is somewhat deteriorated, but remains in unaltered condition.</p><br>
<p>The Eckkopf is a 516 metre-high hill in the Palatine Forest in the Germany state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It lies about 3 km west of the small Palatine town of Deidesheim in the Haardt, as the eastern edge of the Palatine Forest is called. It has a 25 metre high observation tower called the Eckkopf Tower .</p><br>
<p>By the tower is an inn, which is open on most weekends during the year and on several public holidays. It is managed by the various voluntary organisations of the collective municipality of Deidesheim. The task is shared amongst the organisations by the municipality. Each organization has to pay a charge for the right to manage the inn that is used by the municipality for its maintenance.</p><br>
<p>On 27 February 1982 the federal president, Karl Carstens, visited the hill as part of his national hikes and was accompanied by the minister-president of Rhineland-Palatinate, Bernhard Vogel.</p><br>
